{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T17:34:25Z","timestamp":1792517665032,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"23","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,26]],"date-time":"2021-11-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1637884800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Intra-oral halitosis is defined as an unpleasant odor that comes out of the mouth. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of zinc lactate mouthwash and tongue scraping on intra-oral halitosis. The study was conducted on 60 volunteers that were divided into two groups and fol-lowed two types of 14-day oral hygiene protocols on a cross-over basis after a 7-day wash-out period. One protocol was based on tooth brushing only, while the other was based on additional mouth rinsing with a zinc lactate product and tongue scraping. Morning mouth breath was as-sessed organoleptic and by volatile sulfur compound concentrations. The highest mean organo-leptic and volatile sulfur compound measurement values were found in the tooth brushing without mouth washing and tongue scraping oral hygiene protocol (p &lt; 0.05). The zinc lactate mouthwash combined with tongue scraping appears to be an important hygienic procedure to reduce breath odor.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm10235532","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,1]],"date-time":"2021-12-01T01:43:22Z","timestamp":1638323002000},"page":"5532","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Efficacy of a Zinc Lactate Mouthwash and Tongue Scraping in the Reduction of Intra-Oral Halitosis: A Single-blind, Controlled, Crossover Clinical Trial\u2014A Pilot Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Agata","family":"Dudzik","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Periodontology, Prophylaxis and Oral Pathology Department, Medical Faculty, Jagiellonian University, 31155 Krakow, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1555-3591","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sarkis","family":"Sozkes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomedical Engineering Biomaterials Department, Tekirdag Namik Kemal University, 59860 Tekirdag, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ewa","family":"Michalak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Periodontology, Prophylaxis and Oral Pathology Department, Medical Faculty, Jagiellonian University, 31155 Krakow, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9023-0824","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Iwona","family":"Olszewska-Czyz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Periodontology, Prophylaxis and Oral Pathology Department, Medical Faculty, Jagiellonian University, 31155 Krakow, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.4103\/1305-7456.178294","article-title":"Halitosis: Current concepts on etiology, diagnosis and management","volume":"10","author":"Kapoor","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur. 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