{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,24]],"date-time":"2026-07-24T14:27:18Z","timestamp":1784903238605,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"23","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,26]],"date-time":"2021-11-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1637884800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004587","name":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RD16\/0017\/0010"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RD16\/0017\/0010"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004587","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002809","name":"Government of Catalonia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2017SGR-530"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017SGR-530"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Dual disorders (DD) and gender differences comprise an area of considerable concern in patients with substance use disorder (SUD). This study aims to describe the presence of DD among patients with SUD admitted to a general hospital and attended by a consultation liaison addiction service (CLAS), in addition to assessing its association with addiction severity and quality of life from a gender perspective, between 1 January and 30 September 2020. The dual diagnosis screening interview (DDSI), the severity of dependence scale (SDS), and the WHO well-being index were used to evaluate the patients. In the overall sample, DD prevalence was 36.8%, (women: 53.8% vs. men: 32.7%, NS). In both genders the most prevalent DD was depression (33.8%, women: 46.2% vs. men: 30.9%, p = 0.296). Women presented more panic disorders (46.2% vs. 12.7%, p = 0.019) and generalized anxiety (38.5% vs. 10.9%, p = 0.049) than men. When DD was present, women had worse quality of life than men (21.7 vs. 50 points, p = 0.02). During lockdown period 77 patients were attended to and 13 had COVID-19 infection, with no differences in relation to sociodemographic and consumption history variables. The study confirms a high prevalence of DD among patients with SUD admitted to a general hospital for any pathology, and its being associated with worse quality of life, particularly in women.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm10235572","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,1]],"date-time":"2021-12-01T01:43:22Z","timestamp":1638323002000},"page":"5572","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Dual Disorders in the Consultation Liaison Addiction Service: Gender Perspective and Quality of Life"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Teresa","family":"Ferrer-Farr\u00e9","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental and Health Sciences (CEXS), Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 08002 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Legal Medicine, Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona, 08290 Cerdanyola del Vall\u00e8s, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fernando","family":"Dinamarca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Neuropsychiatry and Addictions, Parc de Salut Mar, 08003 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Addiction Research Group, IMIM-Institut Hospital del Mar d\u2019Investigacions M\u00e8diques, 08003 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0387-9375","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joan Ignasi","family":"Mestre-Pint\u00f3","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental and Health Sciences (CEXS), Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 08002 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Addiction Research Group, IMIM-Institut Hospital del Mar d\u2019Investigacions M\u00e8diques, 08003 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francina","family":"Fonseca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental and Health Sciences (CEXS), Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 08002 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Institute of Neuropsychiatry and Addictions, Parc de Salut Mar, 08003 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Addiction Research Group, IMIM-Institut Hospital del Mar d\u2019Investigacions M\u00e8diques, 08003 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6222-4761","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marta","family":"Torrens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Legal Medicine, Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona, 08290 Cerdanyola del Vall\u00e8s, Spain"},{"name":"Institute of Neuropsychiatry and Addictions, Parc de Salut Mar, 08003 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Addiction Research Group, IMIM-Institut Hospital del Mar d\u2019Investigacions M\u00e8diques, 08003 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization (1994). Lexicon of Alcohol and Drug Terms, World Health Organization."},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"43","article-title":"Substance abuse treatment in persons with HIV\/AIDS: Challenges in managing triple diagnosis","volume":"40","author":"Durvasula","year":"2014","journal-title":"IJBM"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Adan, A., and Torrens, M. (2021). Special issue: Diagnosis and management of addiction and other mental disorders (Dual Disorders). J. Clin. Med., 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm10061307"},{"key":"ref_4","first-page":"4","article-title":"Dual Diagnosis: A Theoretical Approximation from Review of Literature","volume":"5","author":"Torres","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Drug Abuse"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.1002\/wps.20796","article-title":"Managing dual disorders: A statement by the Informal Scientific Network, UN Commission on Narcotic Drugs","volume":"19","author":"Volkow","year":"2020","journal-title":"World Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.20882\/adicciones.933","article-title":"Patolog\u00eda dual: Una perspectiva europea","volume":"29","author":"Torrens","year":"2017","journal-title":"Adicciones"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2129","DOI":"10.1007\/s11136-015-0943-5","article-title":"Quality of life in a community sample of young cocaine and\/or heroin users: The role of mental disorders","volume":"24","author":"Chahua","year":"2015","journal-title":"Qual. Life Res."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1080\/09638237.2016.1177771","article-title":"Psychiatric comorbidity and severity of dependence on substance users: How it impacts on their health-related quality of life?","volume":"26","author":"Lozano","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Ment. Health"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2016.11.007","article-title":"Symptomatic and funcional outcomes of substance use disorder persistence 2 years after admission to a first-episode psychosis program","volume":"247","author":"Salvat","year":"2017","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1186\/s12955-017-0781-y","article-title":"Comparison of health-related quality of life among men with different co-existing severe mental disorders in treatment for substance use","volume":"15","author":"Adan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Health Qual. Life Outcomes"},{"key":"ref_11","unstructured":"Torrens, M., Mestre-Pint\u00f3, J.J., and Domingo-Salvany, A. (2015). Comorbidity of Substance Use and Mental Disorders in Europe, EMCDDA, Publications Office of the European Union."},{"key":"ref_12","first-page":"233","article-title":"Analysis of the profiles of patients with dual pathology attending addiction centers, mental health centers, and a coordinated service","volume":"35","author":"Navas","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ann. Psychol."},{"key":"ref_13","first-page":"1","article-title":"Psychopathological profile and prevalence of dual pathology on patients with alcoholic dependence undergoing outpatient treatment","volume":"45","year":"2017","journal-title":"Actas Esp. Psiquiatr."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1007\/s40429-021-00357-9","article-title":"A gender perspective of addictive disorders","volume":"8","author":"Fonseca","year":"2021","journal-title":"Curr. Addict. Rep."},{"key":"ref_15","first-page":"12","article-title":"Sex and gender differences in substance use disorders","volume":"66","author":"McHugh","year":"2018","journal-title":"Psychol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1108\/ADD-01-2017-0002","article-title":"Gender differences in lifetime psychiatric and substance use disorders among people who use substances in Barcelona, Spain","volume":"10","author":"Frem","year":"2017","journal-title":"Adv. Dual Diagn."},{"key":"ref_17","first-page":"3","article-title":"Psychiatric, Behavioural and Social Risk Factors for HIV Infection among Female Drug Users","volume":"10","author":"Gilchrist","year":"2011","journal-title":"AIDS Behav."},{"key":"ref_18","first-page":"259","article-title":"Psychiatric comorbidity and intimate partner violence among women who inject drugs in Europe: A cross-sectional study","volume":"21","author":"Gilchrist","year":"2017","journal-title":"Arch. Womens Ment. Health"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.20882\/adicciones.738","article-title":"Violencia de g\u00e9nero en mujeres con consumo de sustancias ingresadas en el hospital general: Cribado y prevalencia","volume":"29","author":"Caldentey","year":"2017","journal-title":"Adicciones"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1089\/jwh.2014.4866","article-title":"Identifying and intervening with substance-using women exposed to intimate partner violence: Phenomenology, comorbidities, and integrated approaches within primary care and other agency Settings","volume":"24","author":"Weaver","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Womens Health"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"American Psychiatric Association (2021, November 26). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. Available online: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425596.","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425596"},{"key":"ref_22","first-page":"488","article-title":"Test de evaluacion cognitiva de Montreal: Normalizacion y estandarizacion de la prueba en poblacion espa\u00f1ola [Montreal Cognitive Assessment Test: Normalization and standardization for Spanish population]","volume":"63","author":"Ojeda","year":"2016","journal-title":"Rev Neurol."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1159\/000351519","article-title":"Dual Diagnosis Screening Interview to Identify Psychiatric Comorbidity in Substance Users: Development and Validation of a Brief Instrument","volume":"20","author":"Torrens","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur. Addict. Res."},{"key":"ref_24","unstructured":"World Health Organization (WHO) (2021, November 26). Use of Well-Being Measures in Primary Health Care\/ TheDepCare Project. Available online: https:\/\/www.euro.who.int\/__data\/assets\/pdf_file\/0016\/130750\/E60246.pdf."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1360-0443.1995.9056072.x","article-title":"The Severity of Dependence Scale (SDS): Psychometric properties of the SDS in English and Australian samples of heroin, cocaine and amphetamine users","volume":"90","author":"Gossop","year":"1995","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"797","DOI":"10.1016\/S0025-7753(08)75509-X","article-title":"Versi\u00f3n espa\u00f1ola consensuada de la Severity of Dependence Scale (SDS) [Spanish version of the Severity of Dependence Scale (SDS)]","volume":"131","author":"Barrio","year":"2008","journal-title":"Med. Clin."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2285","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291718000624","article-title":"The prevalence of depression in general hospital inpatients: A systematic review and meta-analysis of interview-based studies","volume":"48","author":"Walker","year":"2018","journal-title":"Psychol. Med."},{"key":"ref_28","first-page":"130","article-title":"Comorbidity between depressive symptoms and substance use in-patients hospitalized for non-psychiatric diseases","volume":"50","author":"Montoya","year":"2021","journal-title":"Rev. Colomb. Psiquiatr. (Engl. Ed.)"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1097\/ADT.0000000000000118","article-title":"Dual Depression: A Sex Perspective","volume":"16","author":"Torrens","year":"2017","journal-title":"Addict. Disord. Their Treat."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1080\/10826080802714462","article-title":"Don\u2019t wanna go through that madness no more: Quality of life satisfaction as predictor of sustained remission from illicit drug misuse","volume":"44","author":"Laudet","year":"2009","journal-title":"Subst. Use Misuse"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2014.02.001","article-title":"Epidemiology of substance use in reproductive-age women","volume":"41","author":"McHugh","year":"2014","journal-title":"Obstet. Gynecol. Clin. N. Am."}],"container-title":["Journal of Clinical Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2077-0383\/10\/23\/5572\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T07:36:32Z","timestamp":1760168192000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2077-0383\/10\/23\/5572"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,26]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"23","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]}},"alternative-id":["jcm10235572"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm10235572","relation":{},"ISSN":["2077-0383"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2077-0383","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,26]]}}}