{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T05:23:02Z","timestamp":1788326582496,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"23","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,30]],"date-time":"2021-11-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1638230400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Valeant Pharmaceuticals","award":["unrestricted educational grant"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["unrestricted educational grant"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>A nationwide cross-sectional study, LIPIDOGRAM2015, was carried out in Poland in the years 2015 and 2016. A total of 438 primary care physicians enrolled 13,724 adult patients that sought medical care in primary health care practices. The prevalence of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidaemia, and CVD were similar in urban and rural areas (49.5 vs. 49.4%; 13.7 vs. 13.1%; 84.2 vs. 85.2%; 14.4 vs. 14.2%, respectively). The prevalence of obesity (32.3 vs. 37.5%, p &lt; 0.01) and excessive waist circumference (77.5 vs. 80.7%, p &lt; 0.01), as well as abdominal obesity (43.2 vs. 46.4%, p &lt; 0.01), were higher in rural areas in both genders. Mean levels of LDL-C (128 vs. 130 mg\/dL, p = 0.04) and non-HDL-C (147 vs. 148 mg\/dL, p = 0.03) were slightly higher in rural populations. Altogether, 14.3% of patients with CVD from urban areas and 11.3% from rural areas reached LDL &lt;70 mg\/dL (p = 0.04). There were no important differences in the prevalence of hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidaemia, and CVD, or in mean levels of blood pressure, cholesterol fractions, glucose, and HbA1c between Polish urban and rural primary care patient populations. A high proportion of patients in cities and an even-higher proportion in rural areas did not reach the recommended targets for blood pressure, LDL-C, and HbA1c, indicating the need for novel CVD-prevention programs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm10235656","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,30]],"date-time":"2021-11-30T22:01:11Z","timestamp":1638309671000},"page":"5656","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["The Differences in the Prevalence of Cardiovascular Disease, Its Risk Factors, and Achievement of Therapeutic Goals among Urban and Rural Primary Care Patients in Poland: Results from the LIPIDOGRAM 2015 Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2486-4212","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Krzysztof","family":"Studzi\u0144ski","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Family Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Bochenska 4, 31-061 Krakow, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9109-4174","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tomasz","family":"Tomasik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Family Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Bochenska 4, 31-061 Krakow, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adam","family":"Windak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Family Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Bochenska 4, 31-061 Krakow, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maciej","family":"Banach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Polish Mothers Memorial Hospital Research Institute, 93-338 Lodz, Poland"},{"name":"Department of Hypertension, Chair of Nephrology and Hypertension, Medical University of Lodz, 90-136 Lodz, Poland"},{"name":"Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Zielona Gora, 65-417 Zielona Gora, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ewa","family":"W\u00f3jtowicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Family Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Bochenska 4, 31-061 Krakow, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miros\u0142aw","family":"Mastej","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mastej Medical Center, 38-200 Jas\u0142o, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maciej","family":"Tomaszewski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dimitri P.","family":"Mikhailidis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Royal Free Hospital, University College London, London NW3 2QG, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter P.","family":"Toth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cicarrone Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA"},{"name":"CGH Medical Center, Sterling, IL 61081, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7593-2094","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alberico","family":"Catapano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacological Sciences, University of Milano and Multimedica IRCCS, 20099 Milano, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kausik K.","family":"Ray","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Primary Care and Public Health, Imperial Centre for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention, Imperial College, Kensington, London W6 8RP, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"George","family":"Howard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7566-1626","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gregory Y.H.","family":"Lip","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Liverpool and Liverpool Heart & Chest Hospital, Liverpool L14 3PE, UK"},{"name":"Aalborg Thrombosis Research Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, 9000 Aalborg, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6164-9941","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fadi J.","family":"Charchar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health and Life Sciences, Federation University Australia, Ballarat, VIC 3350, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naveed","family":"Sattar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Science, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bryan","family":"Williams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NIHR University College London Biomedical Research Centre, University College London and University, London NW1 2BU, UK"},{"name":"College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London NW1 2BU, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas M.","family":"MacDonald","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MEMO Research, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 9SY, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6763-1489","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peter E.","family":"Penson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool L2 2QP, UK"},{"name":"Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Liverpool L69 7TX, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jacek J.","family":"J\u00f3\u017awiak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Opole, Oleska 48, 45-052 Opole, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"on behalf of the LIPIDOGRAM2015 Investigators","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1675","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.94.10.1675","article-title":"Rural health disparities, population health, and rural 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