{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T08:25:53Z","timestamp":1787905553889,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"23","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,30]],"date-time":"2021-11-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1638230400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Stress-related diseases (SRDs) are adjustment disorders triggered by stressful life changes. There is a growing body of evidence showing that stress plays an important role in the pathophysiology of IC\/BPS. In the present study, we investigated the association between SRDs and a subsequent association of interstitial cystitis\/bladder pain syndrome (IC\/BPS). Methods: We performed a nested case-control study from the Longitudinal Health Insurance Database (LHID) of Taiwan. The two-year time-varying association between SRDs and IC\/BPS was explored to distinguish the short- or long-term effects of these factors. We then conducted multiple conditional logistic regressions to evaluate the adjusted odds ratio (OR) of IC\/BPS in patients with a history of SRDs. Results: A total of 1103 IC\/BPS patients and 4412 non-IC\/BPS patients were analyzed. For all SRDs, the significantly increased risks were obtained in 2 years before IC\/BPS diagnosis, and the higher OR was observed within 3 months before the diagnosis of IC\/BPS. Multiple conditional logistic regressions showed that patients who had prior medical care for urinary tract infection (OR = 10.95, 95% CI = 9.07 to 13.22), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (OR = 1.48, 95% CI = 1.13 to 1.93), peptic ulcer (OR = 1.69, 95% CI = 1.37 to 2.09), inflammatory bowel syndrome (OR = 1.66, 95% CI = 1.21 to 2.29), autoimmune diseases (OR = 1.48, 95% CI = 1.11 to 1.97), depression (OR = 1.54, 95% CI = 1.24 to 1.91), sleep disorders (OR = 1.45, 95% CI = 1.19 to 1.78), and allergic rhinitis (OR = 1.29, 95% CI = 1.03 to 1.62) within 2 years had a significant risk of IC\/BPS. Conclusions: Our study demonstrates that the health care for SRDs within the previous 2 years is associated with an increased risk of subsequent IC\/BPS. The time-varying association provides an important insight that helps us to identify cases with IC\/BPS, especially among patients with repeated UTI visits.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm10235669","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,30]],"date-time":"2021-11-30T22:01:11Z","timestamp":1638309671000},"page":"5669","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Association of Interstitial Cystitis\/Bladder Pain Syndrome with Stress-Related Diseases: A Nationwide Population-Based Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3034-9548","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Min-Hsin","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Urology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 402, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0794-9388","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jing-Yang","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan"},{"name":"Center for Health Data Science, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 402, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sung-Lang","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 402, Taiwan"},{"name":"School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1235-0679","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"James Cheng-Chung","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan"},{"name":"Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 402, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"540","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2011.03.132","article-title":"Prevalence of symptoms of bladder pain syndrome\/interstitial cystitis among adult females in the United States","volume":"186","author":"Berry","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. 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