{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T01:15:36Z","timestamp":1792545336300,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"24","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,15]],"date-time":"2021-12-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1639526400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003407","name":"MIUR","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Department of excellence 2018-2022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Department of excellence 2018-2022"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003407","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>(1) Background: patients with Anorexia Nervosa (AN) are classified either as restrictive (ANr) or binge\/purge (ANbp) according to the absence or presence of impulsive eating and compensatory behaviors. The aim of the present study was to assess the levels of impulsivity in both AN subtypes and to explore whether individual differences in impulsivity may be explained by differences in the presence of early maladaptive schemas. (2) Methods: the sample group included 122 patients with ANr, 112 patients with ANbp, and 131 healthy women (HW). All of these participants completed the UPPS-P scale for an assessment of impulsive behaviors and the Young Schema Questionnaire (YSQ-S3) for an assessment of early maladaptive schemas. (3) Results: the patients with ANbp displayed higher levels of impulsivity compared with the patients with ANr and HW. Patients with AN, especially the restrictive subtype, also reported higher levels of early maladaptive schemas than HW, and regression analyses revealed that specific maladaptive schemas partially explain the variability in impulsivity in both patients and HW. (4) Conclusions: it appears that maladaptive beliefs developed during childhood or adolescence may predict the development of impulsivity, a personality trait usually associated with maladaptive behaviors, and appears to be prevalent among ANbp patients. The clinical effects of this, as well as directions for future study, are also discussed in this paper.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm10245895","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,15]],"date-time":"2021-12-15T09:02:19Z","timestamp":1639558939000},"page":"5895","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["A Multi-Faceted Evaluation of Impulsivity Traits and Early Maladaptive Schemas in Patients with Anorexia Nervosa"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3323-6071","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paolo","family":"Meneguzzo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani 2, 35128 Padova, Italy"},{"name":"Eating Disorders Unit, Casa di Cura \u201cVilla Margherita\u201d, 36057 Arcugnano, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2212-9855","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patrizia","family":"Todisco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Eating Disorders Unit, Casa di Cura \u201cVilla Margherita\u201d, 36057 Arcugnano, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6730-1778","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Enrico","family":"Collantoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani 2, 35128 Padova, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valentina","family":"Meregalli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani 2, 35128 Padova, Italy"},{"name":"Padova Neuroscience Center, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Dal Brun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Linguistic and Literary Studies, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elena","family":"Tenconi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani 2, 35128 Padova, Italy"},{"name":"Padova Neuroscience Center, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Angela","family":"Favaro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani 2, 35128 Padova, Italy"},{"name":"Padova Neuroscience Center, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"American Psychiatric Association (2013). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), American Psychiatric Association.","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425596"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Meneguzzo, P., Garolla, A., Bonello, E., and Todisco, P. (2021). Alexithymia, Dissociation, and Emotional Regulation in Eating Disorders: Evidence of Improvement through Specialized Inpatient Treatment. Clin. Psychol. Psychother., 1\u20137.","DOI":"10.1002\/cpp.2665"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1002\/erv.2633","article-title":"Network Analysis of Specific Psychopathology and Psychiatric Symptoms in Patients with Anorexia Nervosa","volume":"27","author":"Solmi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur. Eat. Disord. Rev."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-244X-12-76","article-title":"A Debate on Current Eating Disorder Diagnoses in Light of Neurobiological Findings: Is It Time for a Spectrum Model?","volume":"12","author":"Brooks","year":"2012","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Brooks, S.J., and Schi\u00f6th, H. (2019). Impulsivity and compulsivity in anorexia nervosa: Cognitive systems underlying variation in appetite restraint from an RDoC perspective. Anorexia and Bulimia Nervosa, Intechopen.","DOI":"10.5772\/intechopen.83702"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1080\/10640260590893647","article-title":"The Relationship between Temperament and Impulsive Behaviors in Eating Disordered Subjects","volume":"13","author":"Favaro","year":"2005","journal-title":"Eat. Disord."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1080\/10640260290081812","article-title":"The Spectrum of Self-Injurious Behavior in Eating Disorders","volume":"10","author":"Favaro","year":"2002","journal-title":"Eat. Disord."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eatbeh.2017.12.004","article-title":"Less Symptomatic, but Equally Impaired: Clinical Impairment in Restricting versus Binge-Eating\/Purging Subtype of Anorexia Nervosa","volume":"28","author":"Reas","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eat. Behav."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1080\/10640266.2016.1269555","article-title":"A Comparison of the Metabolic Complications and Hospital Course of Severe Anorexia Nervosa by Binge-Purge and Restricting Subtypes","volume":"25","author":"Rylander","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eat. Disord."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"869","DOI":"10.1007\/s40519-020-00916-5","article-title":"Impulsive Behaviors and Clinical Outcomes Following a Flexible Intensive Inpatient Treatment for Eating Disorders: Findings from an Observational Study","volume":"26","author":"Todisco","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eat. Weight Disord."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1002\/erv.2516","article-title":"Facets of Impulsivity and Compulsivity in Women with Anorexia Nervosa","volume":"25","author":"Lavender","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur. Eat. Disord. Rev."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"542","DOI":"10.1002\/eat.22861","article-title":"The Impact of Weight Suppression and Weight Loss Speed on Baseline Clinical Characteristics and Response to Treatment","volume":"51","author":"Solmi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Eat. Disord."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eatbeh.2006.05.001","article-title":"Impulsiveness and Lack of Inhibitory Control in Eating Disorders","volume":"7","author":"Claes","year":"2006","journal-title":"Eat. Behav."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-016-0714-z","article-title":"A Debate on Working Memory and Cognitive Control: Can We Learn about the Treatment of Substance Use Disorders from the Neural Correlates of Anorexia Nervosa?","volume":"16","author":"Brooks","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Todisco, P., Meneguzzo, P., Vogazianos, P., Garolla, A., Antoniades, A., and Tozzi, F. (2020). Relation between Vitamin D and Impulse Behaviours in Patients with Eating Disorder: A Pilot Observational Study. Eur. Eat. Disord. Rev., 1\u20137.","DOI":"10.1002\/erv.2740"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Meneguzzo, P., Mancini, C., Ormitti, A., Garolla, A., Bonello, E., Donini, L.M., and Todisco, P. (2021). Impulsivity and Eating Disorders: The Relationship between Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D and Different Impulsivity Facets in a Transdiagnostic Sample. World J. Biol. Psychiatry, 1\u201318.","DOI":"10.1080\/15622975.2021.2011404"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1002\/eat.23244","article-title":"Seasonal and Subtype Differences in Body Mass Index at Admission in Inpatients with Anorexia Nervosa","volume":"53","author":"Meule","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Eat. Disord."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.1002\/erv.2372","article-title":"Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire (EDE-Q) in Norwegian Adults: Discrimination between Female Controls and Eating Disorder Patients","volume":"23","author":"Reas","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur. Eat. Disord. Rev."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"732","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.162.4.732","article-title":"Symptom Fluctuation in Eating Disorders: Correlates of Diagnostic Crossover","volume":"162","author":"Tozzi","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1002\/eat.10016","article-title":"Longitudinal Comparison of Anorexia Nervosa Subtypes","volume":"31","author":"Eddy","year":"2002","journal-title":"Int. J. Eat. Disord."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1097\/00005053-199803000-00004","article-title":"Impulsive and Compulsive Self-Injurious Behavior in Bulimia Nervosa: Prevalence and Psychological Correlates","volume":"186","author":"Favaro","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Nerv. Ment. Dis."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1002\/erv.2543","article-title":"Delay Discounting of Reward and Impulsivity in Eating Disorders: From Anorexia Nervosa to Binge Eating Disorder","volume":"25","author":"Steward","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur. Eat. Disord. Rev."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1037\/a0031181","article-title":"\u201cImpulsivity\u201d: Relations between Self-Report and Behavior","volume":"104","author":"Sharma","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Pers. Soc. Psychol."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1129","DOI":"10.1037\/pas0000111","article-title":"Parsing the Heterogeneity of Impulsivity: A Meta-Analytic Review of the Behavioral Implications of the UPPS for Psychopathology","volume":"27","author":"Berg","year":"2015","journal-title":"Psychol. Assess."},{"key":"ref_25","unstructured":"Lynam, D.R., Smith, G.T., Whiteside, S.P., and Cyders, M.A. (2006). The UPPS-P: Assessing Five Personality Pathways to Impulsive Behavior, Purdue University."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s40479-018-0084-x","article-title":"Recommendations for Applying a Multi-Dimensional Model of Impulsive Personality to Diagnosis and Treatment","volume":"5","author":"Um","year":"2018","journal-title":"Bord. Personal. Disord. Emot. Dysregul."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1783","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.158.11.1783","article-title":"Psychiatric Aspects of Impulsivity","volume":"158","author":"Moeller","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1871","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.158.11.1871","article-title":"The Relationship of Childhood Abuse to Impulsivity and Suicidal Behavior in Adults with Major Depression","volume":"15811","author":"Brodsky","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1027\/1614-0001\/a000099","article-title":"UPPS Dimensions of Impulsivity","volume":"34","author":"Gagnon","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Individ. Differ."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1796276","DOI":"10.1080\/20008198.2020.1796276","article-title":"Influence of Childhood Trauma and Posttruamatic Stress Symptoms on Impulsivity: Focusing on Differences According to the Dimensions of Impulsivity","volume":"11","author":"Kim","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur. J. Psychotraumatol."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1621","DOI":"10.1017\/S095457941500098X","article-title":"Child Maltreatment, Impulsivity, and Antisocial Behavior in African American Children: Moderation Effects from a Cumulative Dopaminergic Gene Index","volume":"27","author":"Thibodeau","year":"2015","journal-title":"Dev. Psychopathol."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1080\/16506073.2017.1410566","article-title":"A New Look at the Schema Therapy Model: Organization and Role of Early Maladaptive Schemas","volume":"47","author":"Bach","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cogn. Behav. Ther."},{"key":"ref_33","unstructured":"Young, J.E., Klosko, J.S., and Weishaar, M.E. (2003). Schema Therapy: A Practitioner\u2019s Guide, Guilford Press."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"374","DOI":"10.1002\/cpp.667","article-title":"Attachment and Symptoms of Psychopathology: Early Maladaptive Schemas as a Cognitive Link?","volume":"17","author":"Bosmans","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin. Psychol. Psychother."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1076","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2021.661924","article-title":"Associations Between Trauma, Early Maladaptive Schemas, Personality Traits, and Clinical Severity in Eating Disorder Patients: A Clinical Presentation and Mediation Analysis","volume":"12","author":"Meneguzzo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Psychol."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Meneguzzo, P., Collantoni, E., Bonello, E., Busetto, P., Tenconi, E., and Favaro, A. (2020). The Predictive Value of the Early Maladaptive Schemas in Social Situations in Anorexia Nervosa. Eur. Eat. Disord. Rev., 1\u201314.","DOI":"10.1002\/erv.2724"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1002\/smi.2634","article-title":"Life Event Stress and Binge Eating among Adolescents: The Roles of Early Maladaptive Schemas and Impulsivity","volume":"32","author":"Zhu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Stress Health"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"763","DOI":"10.1177\/0886260516645815","article-title":"The Mediator Role of Early Maladaptive Schemas Between Childhood Sexual Abuse and Impulsive Symptoms in Female Survivors of CSA","volume":"34","author":"Ozerinjauregi","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Interpers. Violence"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"428","DOI":"10.1007\/s10942-020-00379-8","article-title":"Maladaptive Emotional Schemas and Emotional Functioning: Evaluation of an Integrated Model Across Two Independent Samples","volume":"39","author":"Edwards","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Ration. Emot. Cogn. Behav. Ther."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"522","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2012.12.001","article-title":"Early Maladaptive Schemas among Young Adult Male Substance Abusers: A Comparison with a Non-Clinical Group","volume":"44","author":"Shorey","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Subst. Abuse Treat."},{"key":"ref_41","first-page":"e96484","article-title":"The Role of Childhood Abuse Experience and Early Maladaptive Schemas in Predicting Impulsivity among Patients with Psychiatric Disorders","volume":"9","author":"Mojahed","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. High Risk Behav. Addict."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1002\/erv.2866","article-title":"Early Maladaptive Schemas in Eating Disorders: A Systematic Review","volume":"30","author":"Maher","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur. Eat. Disord. Rev."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1007\/s40519-016-0276-6","article-title":"The Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire: Reliability and Validity of the Italian Version","volume":"22","author":"Calugi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eat. Weight Disord."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"432","DOI":"10.1177\/1073191119832660","article-title":"Measurement Invariance of the UPPS-P Impulsive Behavior Scale Across Age and Sex across the Adult Life Span","volume":"27","author":"Argyriou","year":"2020","journal-title":"Assessment"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.paid.2015.11.020","article-title":"Reliability and Validity of the Italian Translation of the UPPS-P Impulsive Behavior Scale in a Sample of Consecutively Admitted Psychotherapy Patients","volume":"91","author":"Fossati","year":"2016","journal-title":"Personal. Individ. Differ."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106987","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2021.106987","article-title":"Psychometric Properties of the Short UPPS-P Scale in Adolescents: Gender, Age Invariance, and Validity among Italian Youth","volume":"120","author":"Donati","year":"2021","journal-title":"Addict. Behav."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.6018\/analesps.343461","article-title":"The Young Schema Questionnaire Short Form 3 (YSQ-S3): Does the New Four-Domains Model Show the Best Fit?","volume":"36","author":"Aloi","year":"2020","journal-title":"An. Psicol. Psychol."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Young, J.E., Pascal, B., and Cousineau, P. (2005). Young Schema Questionnaire-Short Form 3 (YSQ-S3), American Psychiatric Association.","DOI":"10.1037\/t67023-000"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1764","DOI":"10.1037\/a0012955","article-title":"Age Differences in Sensation Seeking and Impulsivity as Indexed by Behavior and Self-Report: Evidence for a Dual Systems Model","volume":"44","author":"Steinberg","year":"2008","journal-title":"Dev. Psychol."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Claes, L., Islam, M.A., Fagundo, A.B., Jimenez-Murcia, S., Granero, R., Ag\u00fcera, Z., Rossi, E., Mench\u00f3n, J.M., and Fern\u00e1ndez-Aranda, F. (2015). The Relationship between Non-Suicidal Self-Injury and the UPPS-P Impulsivity Facets in Eating Disorders and Healthy Controls. PLoS ONE, 10.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0126083"},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1002\/erv.2570","article-title":"Emotion Regulation as a Transdiagnostic Feature Among Eating Disorders: Cross-Sectional and Longitudinal Approach","volume":"26","author":"Riesco","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur. Eat. Disord. Rev."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e129","DOI":"10.1002\/erv.2161","article-title":"Understanding the Association of Impulsivity, Obsessions, and Compulsions with Binge Eating and Purging Behaviours in Anorexia Nervosa","volume":"20","author":"Hoffman","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur. Eat. Disord. Rev."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1016\/j.paid.2009.09.016","article-title":"Differentiating Bingeing\/Purging and Restrictive Eating Disorder Subtypes: The Roles of Temperament, Effortful Control, and Cognitive Control","volume":"48","author":"Claes","year":"2010","journal-title":"Personal. Individ. Differ."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1651","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2017.01651","article-title":"The Role of Working Memory for Cognitive Control in Anorexia Nervosa versus Substance Use Disorder","volume":"8","author":"Brooks","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front. Psychol."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2014.00778","article-title":"Compulsivity in Anorexia Nervosa: A Transdiagnostic Concept","volume":"5","author":"Godier","year":"2014","journal-title":"Front. Psychol."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1037\/abn0000202","article-title":"Trajectories of Higher-and Lower-Order Dimensions of Negative and Positive Affect Relative to Restrictive Eating in Anorexia Nervosa","volume":"126","author":"Haynos","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Abnorm. Psychol."},{"key":"ref_57","first-page":"1","article-title":"A Systematic and Methodological Review of Attentional Biases in Eating Disorders: Food, Body, and Perfectionism","volume":"9","author":"Achee","year":"2019","journal-title":"Brain Behavior."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2045125318814734","DOI":"10.1177\/2045125318814734","article-title":"Genetic Risk Factors for Eating Disorders: An Update and Insights into Pathophysiology","volume":"9","author":"Himmerich","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ther. Adv. Psychopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1002\/erv.2812","article-title":"Weight Bias and Linguistic Body Representation in Anorexia Nervosa: Findings from the BodyTalk Project","volume":"29","author":"Behrens","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur. Eat. Disord. Rev."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2016.01.003","article-title":"At the Core of Eating Disorders: Overvaluation, Social Rank, Self-Criticism and Shame in Anorexia, Bulimia and Binge Eating Disorder","volume":"66","author":"Duarte","year":"2016","journal-title":"Compr. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2015.04.003","article-title":"Clinical Psychology Review a Narrative Review of Schemas and Schema Therapy Outcomes in the Eating Disorders","volume":"39","author":"Pugh","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin. Psychol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113354","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2020.113354","article-title":"Impulsivity and Compulsivity in Anorexia and Bulimia Nervosa: A Systematic Review","volume":"293","author":"Howard","year":"2020","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110318","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2021.110318","article-title":"Impulsivity and Compulsivity in Binge Eating Disorder: A Systematic Review of Behavioral Studies","volume":"110","author":"Carr","year":"2021","journal-title":"Prog. Neuro-Psychopharmacol. Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-87231-w","article-title":"Food-Related Impulsivity Assessed by Longitudinal Laboratory Tasks Is Reduced in Patients with Binge Eating Disorder in a Randomized Controlled Trial","volume":"11","author":"Schag","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nicol, A., Mak, A.S., Murray, K., Walker, I., and Buckmaster, D. (2020). The Relationships between Early Maladaptive Schemas and Youth Mental Health: A Systematic Review, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/s10608-020-10092-6"},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psc.2018.10.010","article-title":"Recent Research and Personalized Treatment of Anorexia Nervosa","volume":"42","author":"Kan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Psychiatr. Clin. N. Am."}],"container-title":["Journal of Clinical Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2077-0383\/10\/24\/5895\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T07:48:59Z","timestamp":1760168939000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2077-0383\/10\/24\/5895"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,15]]},"references-count":66,"journal-issue":{"issue":"24","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]}},"alternative-id":["jcm10245895"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm10245895","relation":{},"ISSN":["2077-0383"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2077-0383","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,15]]}}}