{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]],"date-time":"2026-06-10T11:16:48Z","timestamp":1781090208234,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,23]],"date-time":"2021-12-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1640217600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"JSPS KAKENHI","award":["18K09421"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["18K09421"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study aimed to investigate the relationship between the severity of dry eye disease (DED) and galectin-3 concentration (gal-3) and its cleavage (gal-3C) in tear fluid. Twenty-eight DED patients and 14 controls were recruited at Keio University Hospital. The lissamine green conjunctival staining (LG) score, fluorescein corneal staining (FL) score, tear film break-up time (TBUT), Schirmer\u2019s test, and ocular symptoms questionnaire score (dry eye questionnaire score, DEQS) were evaluated. Furthermore, the correlation between these parameters and the concentrations of gal-3 in tears (ng\/\u00b5g) and the detection rate of gal-3C (%) were analyzed. Gal-3 concentration in tears was positively correlated with the LG score (R = 0.60, p &lt; 0.01), FL score (R = 0.49, p &lt; 0.01), and DEQS (R = 0.45, p &lt; 0.01), and negatively correlated with the TBUT score (R = \u22120.40, p &lt; 0.01) and Schirmer\u2019s I value (R = \u22120.36, p &lt; 0.01). The detection rate of gal-3C in tears was significantly associated with the severity of DED, especially with the LG (p &lt; 0.01) and FL (p &lt; 0.01) scores. Therefore, the concentration of gal-3 and the detection rate of gal-3C in tears had a significant relationship with the severity of ocular surface barrier disruption.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11010066","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,23]],"date-time":"2021-12-23T10:16:18Z","timestamp":1640254578000},"page":"66","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Analysis of the Association between Galectin-3 Concentration in Tears and the Severity of Dry Eye Disease: A Case-Control Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Miki","family":"Hata-Mizuno","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuichi","family":"Uchino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miki","family":"Uchino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0992-4862","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shigeto","family":"Shimmura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoko","family":"Ogawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8874-7111","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kazuo","family":"Tsubota","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2892-9810","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kazuno","family":"Negishi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2017.05.008","article-title":"TFOS DEWS II Definition and Classification Report","volume":"15","author":"Craig","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ocul. Surf."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"763","DOI":"10.1001\/archophthalmol.2009.103","article-title":"Prevalence of dry eye disease among US men: Estimates from the Physicians\u2019 Health Studies","volume":"127","author":"Schaumberg","year":"2009","journal-title":"Arch. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1097\/ACI.0b013e3283645899","article-title":"The ocular surface epithelial barrier and other mechanisms of mucosal protection: From allergy to infectious diseases","volume":"13","author":"Mantelli","year":"2013","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Allergy Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2017.05.011","article-title":"TFOS DEWS II pathophysiology report","volume":"15","author":"Bron","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ocul. Surf."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2017.05.022","article-title":"Classification of Fluorescein Breakup Patterns: A Novel Method of Differential Diagnosis for Dry Eye","volume":"180","author":"Yokoi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am. J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbagen.2014.05.003","article-title":"Mucins: A biologically relevant glycan barrier in mucosal protection","volume":"1850","author":"Corfield","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta (BBA)-Gen. Subj."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2010.02.014","article-title":"Membrane-tethered mucins have multiple functions on the ocular surface","volume":"90","author":"Govindarajan","year":"2010","journal-title":"Exp. Eye Res."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0074-7696(03)31001-0","article-title":"Role of Mucins in the Function of the Corneal and Conjunctival Epithelia","volume":"231","author":"Gipson","year":"2003","journal-title":"Int. Rev. Cytol."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1016\/0968-0004(92)90315-Z","article-title":"Cell membrane-associated mucins and their adhesion-modulating property","volume":"17","author":"Hilkens","year":"1992","journal-title":"Trends Biochem. Sci."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.86.1.249","article-title":"Electron-microscopic studies of the CA antigen, epitectin","volume":"86","author":"Bramwell","year":"1986","journal-title":"J. Cell Sci."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.physiol.70.113006.100659","article-title":"Structure and Function of the Cell Surface (Tethered) Mucins","volume":"70","author":"Hattrup","year":"2008","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2015.12.009","article-title":"Human conjunctival goblet cells express the membrane associated mucin MUC16: Localization to mucin granules","volume":"145","author":"Gipson","year":"2015","journal-title":"Exp. Eye Res."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1657","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI45538","article-title":"Loss of intestinal core 1\u2013derived O-glycans causes spontaneous colitis in mice","volume":"121","author":"Fu","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Clin. Investig."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1515\/BC.2001.022","article-title":"O-Glycosylation of the Mucin Type","volume":"382","author":"Hanisch","year":"2001","journal-title":"Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-4835(03)00204-5","article-title":"Distribution of mucins at the ocular surface","volume":"78","author":"Gipson","year":"2004","journal-title":"Exp. Eye Res."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1007\/s10384-012-0228-2","article-title":"Glycobiology of the ocular surface: Mucins and lectins","volume":"57","year":"2013","journal-title":"Jpn. J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1007\/s10384-018-00645-4","article-title":"Tear-film-oriented diagnosis for dry eye","volume":"63","author":"Yokoi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Jpn. J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_18","first-page":"1818","article-title":"Human corneal and conjunctival epithelia express MUC1 mucin","volume":"36","author":"Inatomi","year":"1995","journal-title":"Investig. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1006\/exer.2001.1045","article-title":"Epithelial Mucins of the Ocular Surface: Structure, Biosynthesis and Function","volume":"73","author":"Gipson","year":"2001","journal-title":"Exp. Eye Res."},{"key":"ref_20","first-page":"1316","article-title":"Detection of sialomucin complex (MUC4) in human ocular surface epithelium and tear fluid","volume":"41","author":"Pflugfelder","year":"2000","journal-title":"Investig. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2487","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.02-0862","article-title":"MUC16 Mucin Is Expressed by the Human Ocular Surface Epithelia and Carries the H185 Carbohydrate Epitope","volume":"44","author":"Argueso","year":"2003","journal-title":"Investig. Opthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sbi.2007.09.002","article-title":"Functions of cell surface galectin-glycoprotein lattices","volume":"17","author":"Rabinovich","year":"2007","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Struct. Biol."},{"key":"ref_23","unstructured":"Varki, A., Cummings, R.D., Esko, J.D., Freeze, H.H., Stanley, P., Bertozzi, C.Z.R., Hart, G.W., and Etzler, M.E. (2009). Essentials of Glycobiology, Cold Spring Harbor Lab. Cold Spring Harbor. [2nd ed.]."},{"key":"ref_24","first-page":"6239","article-title":"The NH2 terminus of galectin-3 governs cellular compartmentalization and functions in cancer cells","volume":"59","author":"Gong","year":"1999","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"616","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbagen.2005.12.020","article-title":"Galectin-3: An open-ended story","volume":"1760","author":"Dumic","year":"2006","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta (BBA)-Gen. Subj."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4859","DOI":"10.1021\/bi002907f","article-title":"NMR Solution Studies of Hamster Galectin-3 and Electron Microscopic Visualization of Surface-Adsorbed Complexes: Evidence for Interactions between the N- and C-Terminal Domains","volume":"40","author":"Birdsall","year":"2001","journal-title":"Biochemistry"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23037","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M109.033332","article-title":"Association of Cell Surface Mucins with Galectin-3 Contributes to the Ocular Surface Epithelial Barrier","volume":"284","author":"Mantelli","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1021\/bi00052a033","article-title":"L-29, an endogenous lectin, binds to glycoconjugate ligands with positive cooperativity","volume":"32","author":"Massa","year":"1993","journal-title":"Biochemistry"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"788","DOI":"10.1006\/bbrc.1998.8708","article-title":"Regulation of Cellular Adhesion to Extracellular Matrix Proteins by Galectin-3","volume":"246","author":"Ochieng","year":"1998","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1931","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)63245-2","article-title":"Alterations in Galectin-3 Expression and Distribution Correlate with Breast Cancer Progression: Functional Analysis of Galectin-3 in Breast Epithelial-Endothelial Interactions","volume":"165","author":"Shekhar","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am. J. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3181","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.26.8.3181-3193.2006","article-title":"Galectin Binding to Mgat5-Modified N-Glycans Regulates Fibronectin Matrix Remodeling in Tumor Cells","volume":"26","author":"Lagana","year":"2006","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Biol."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1102109","article-title":"Regulation of Cytokine Receptors by Golgi N-Glycan Processing and Endocytosis","volume":"306","author":"Partridge","year":"2004","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.07-1038","article-title":"Antiadhesive Character of Mucin O-glycans at the Apical Surface of Corneal Epithelial Cells","volume":"49","author":"Sumiyoshi","year":"2008","journal-title":"Investig. Opthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5215","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00708-08","article-title":"Cell Surface O-Glycans Limit Staphylococcus aureus Adherence to Corneal Epithelial Cells","volume":"76","author":"Ricciuto","year":"2008","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.05-0735","article-title":"Mucin characteristics of human corneal-limbal epithelial cells that exclude the rose bengal anionic dye","volume":"47","author":"Tisdale","year":"2006","journal-title":"Investig. Opthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"ref_36","first-page":"2602","article-title":"Alteration of mucin in human conjunctival epithelia in dry eye","volume":"39","author":"Danjo","year":"1998","journal-title":"Investig. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1027","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2015.02.008","article-title":"Alteration of Galectin-3 in Tears of Patients With Dry Eye Disease","volume":"159","author":"Uchino","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am. J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1331","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2013.4503","article-title":"Development and Validation of the Dry Eye\u2013Related Quality-of-Life Score Questionnaire","volume":"131","author":"Sakane","year":"2013","journal-title":"JAMA Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_39","first-page":"313","article-title":"Assessing Mucin Expression and Function in Human Ocular Surface Epithelia In Vivo and In Vitro","volume":"842","author":"Gipson","year":"2011","journal-title":"Methods Mol. Biol."},{"key":"ref_40","first-page":"368","article-title":"A juvenile mouse pheromone inhibits sexual behaviour through the vomeronasal system","volume":"502","author":"Ferrero","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat. Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1007\/s12307-008-0003-6","article-title":"Regulation of Tumor Progression by Extracellular Galectin-3","volume":"1","author":"Balan","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cancer Microenviron."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbagen.2009.07.005","article-title":"Dynamics of galectin-3 in the nucleus and cytoplasm","volume":"1800","author":"Haudek","year":"2010","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta (BBA)-Gen. Subj."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"886","DOI":"10.1093\/glycob\/cwu086","article-title":"Galectin-3 in angiogenesis and metastasis","volume":"24","author":"Funasaka","year":"2014","journal-title":"Glycobiology"},{"key":"ref_44","first-page":"1307","article-title":"Increased expression of galectin-3 in primary gastric cancer and the metastatic lymph nodes","volume":"9","author":"Miyazaki","year":"2002","journal-title":"Oncol. Rep."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15242","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.14839","article-title":"Posttranscriptional regulation of Galectin-3 by miR-128 contributes to colorectal cancer progression","volume":"8","author":"Lu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Song, S. (2012). Overexpressed galectin-3 in pancreatic cancer induces cell proliferation and invasion by binding Ras and activating Ras signaling. PLoS ONE, 7.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0042699"},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"995","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2019.01.018","article-title":"Prognostication of clinical outcomes in diabetes mellitus: Emerging role of cardiac biomarkers","volume":"13","author":"Berezin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab. Syndr. Clin. Res. Rev."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1692","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dld.2019.05.030","article-title":"Galectin-3 is associated with glomerular filtration rate and outcome in patients with stable decompensated cirrhosis","volume":"51","author":"Oikonomou","year":"2019","journal-title":"Dig. Liver Dis."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1038\/eye.1997.161","article-title":"Reflections on the tears","volume":"11","author":"Bron","year":"1997","journal-title":"Eye"},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1097\/ICL.0b013e31811ead93","article-title":"An Evaluation of the Efficacy of Fluorescein, Rose Bengal, Lissamine Green, and a New Dye Mixture for Ocular Surface Staining","volume":"34","author":"Korb","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eye Contact Lens Sci. Clin. Pract."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2014.10.001","article-title":"Clinical staining of the ocular surface: Mechanisms and interpretations","volume":"44","author":"Bron","year":"2015","journal-title":"Prog. Retin. Eye Res."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1953","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(95)30769-5","article-title":"Patient Tolerance and Ocular Surface Staining Characteristics of Lissamine Green versus Rose Bengal","volume":"102","author":"Manning","year":"1995","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1026505","DOI":"10.1080\/21688370.2015.1026505","article-title":"Galectin-3 as a regulator of the epithelial junction: Implications to wound repair and cancer","volume":"3","author":"Mauris","year":"2015","journal-title":"Tissue Barriers"},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4615-5359-5_44","article-title":"Association of tear lipid layer interference patterns with superficial punctate keratopathy","volume":"438","author":"Komuro","year":"1998","journal-title":"Adv. Exp. Med. Biol."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2017.05.001","article-title":"TFOS DEWS II Diagnostic Methodology report","volume":"15","author":"Wolffsohn","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ocul Surf."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2013.10.014","article-title":"Dry Eye Disease and Work Productivity Loss in Visual Display Users: The Osaka Study","volume":"157","author":"Uchino","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am. J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"818","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9394(14)70378-2","article-title":"Correlation of Tear Lipid Layer Interference Patterns With the Diagnosis and Severity of Dry Eye","volume":"122","author":"Yokoi","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am. J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2016.09.003","article-title":"New Perspectives on Dry Eye Definition and Diagnosis: A Consensus Report by the Asia Dry Eye Society","volume":"15","author":"Tsubota","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ocul. Surf."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2017.03.006","article-title":"TFOS DEWS II Tear Film Report","volume":"15","author":"Willcox","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ocul. Surf."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1080\/02713680490516099","article-title":"The thickness of the tear film","volume":"29","author":"Fink","year":"2004","journal-title":"Curr. Eye Res."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14109","DOI":"10.1021\/bi00251a020","article-title":"Galectin-3 Is a Novel Substrate for Human Matrix Metalloproteinases-2 and -9","volume":"33","author":"Ochieng","year":"1994","journal-title":"Biochemistry"},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10045","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-08-3224","article-title":"Racial Disparity in Breast Cancer and Functional Germ Line Mutation in Galectin-3 (rs4644): A Pilot Study","volume":"68","author":"Balan","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1515","DOI":"10.2353\/ajpath.2009.080816","article-title":"Regulation of Prostate Cancer Progression by Galectin-3","volume":"174","author":"Wang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am. J. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1002\/path.1626","article-title":"Angiogenesis and VEGF expression in pre-invasive lesions of the human breast","volume":"204","author":"Viacava","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Pathol."}],"container-title":["Journal of Clinical Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2077-0383\/11\/1\/66\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T07:52:10Z","timestamp":1760169130000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2077-0383\/11\/1\/66"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,23]]},"references-count":64,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]}},"alternative-id":["jcm11010066"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm11010066","relation":{},"ISSN":["2077-0383"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2077-0383","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,23]]}}}