{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]],"date-time":"2026-05-14T22:33:11Z","timestamp":1778797991885,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,24]],"date-time":"2021-12-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1640304000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>We examined the prevalence trends of non-human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) sexually transmitted infections (STI) and associated patient characteristics in U.S. ambulatory-care settings from 2005\u20132016. We conducted a retrospective repeated cross-sectional analysis using data from the National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey (NAMCS) for individuals aged 15\u201364 with a non-HIV STI-related visit. Data were combined into three periods (2005\u20132008, 2009\u20132012, and 2013\u20132016) to obtain reliable estimates. Logistic regression was used for analysis. A total of 19.5 million weighted, non-HIV STI-related ambulatory visits from 2005\u20132016 were identified. STI-related visits per 100,000 ambulatory care visits increased significantly over the study period: 206 (95% CI = 153\u2013259), 343 (95% CI = 279\u2013407), and 361 (95% CI = 277\u2013446) in 2005\u20132008, 2009\u20132012, and 2013\u20132016, respectively (Ptrend = 0.003). These increases were mainly driven by increases in HPV-related visits (56 to 163 per 100,000 visits) from 2005\u20132008 to 2009\u20132012, followed by syphilis- or gonorrhea-related visits (30 to 67 per 100,000 visits) from 2009\u20132012 to 2013\u20132016. Higher odds of having STI-related visit were associated with younger age (aged 15\u201324: aOR = 4.45; 95% CI = 3.19\u20136.20 and aged 25\u201344: aOR = 3.59; 95% CI = 2.71\u20134.77) vs. 45\u201364-year-olds, Black race (aOR = 2.41; 95% CI = 1.78\u20133.25) vs. White, and HIV diagnosis (aOR = 10.60; 95% CI = 5.50\u201320.27) vs. no HIV diagnosis. STI-related office visits increased by over 75% from 2005\u20132016, and were largely driven by HPV-related STIs and syphilis- or gonorrhea-related STIs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11010071","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,24]],"date-time":"2021-12-24T08:38:46Z","timestamp":1640335126000},"page":"71","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Trends in Sexually Transmitted Infections in United States Ambulatory Care Clinics from 2005\u20132016"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8238-6901","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ikenna","family":"Unigwe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmaceutical Outcomes and Policy, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5198-8544","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Seonkyeong","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmaceutical Outcomes and Policy, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4779-6555","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hyun Jin","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmaceutical Outcomes and Policy, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6590-4770","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wei-Hsuan","family":"Lo-Ciganic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmaceutical Outcomes and Policy, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Juan","family":"Hincapie-Castillo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmaceutical Outcomes and Policy, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robert L.","family":"Cook","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Haesuk","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmaceutical Outcomes and Policy, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1097\/OLQ.0000000000001355","article-title":"Sexually Transmitted Infections Among US Women and Men: Prevalence and Incidence Estimates, 2018","volume":"48","author":"Kreisel","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sex. 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