{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T08:29:11Z","timestamp":1790152151835,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,25]],"date-time":"2021-12-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1640390400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is one of the most frequent complications of cirrhosis. Several studies and case reports have shown that cognitive impairment may also be a tangible complication of portal hypertension secondary to chronic portal vein thrombosis and to porto-sinusoidal vascular disease (PSVD). In these conditions, representing the main causes of non-cirrhotic portal hypertension (NCPH) in the Western world, both overt and minimal\/covert HE occurs in a non-neglectable proportion of patients, even lower than in cirrhosis, and it is mainly sustained by the presence of large porto-systemic shunt. In these patients, the liver function is usually preserved or only mildly altered, and the development of porto-systemic shunt is either spontaneous or iatrogenically frequent; HE is an example of type-B HE. To date, in the absence of strong evidence and large cooperative studies, for the diagnosis and the management of HE in NCPH, the same approach used for HE occurring in cirrhosis is applied. The aim of this paper is to provide an overview of type B hepatic encephalopathy, focusing on its pathophysiology, diagnostic tools and management in patients affected by porto-sinusoidal vascular disease and chronic portal vein thrombosis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11010101","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,27]],"date-time":"2021-12-27T01:00:54Z","timestamp":1640566854000},"page":"101","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Cognitive Impairement in Non-Cirrhotic Portal Hypertension: Highlights on Physiopathology, Diagnosis and Management"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3940-4390","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stefania","family":"Gioia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7038-9539","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Silvia","family":"Nardelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oliviero","family":"Riggio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jessica","family":"Faccioli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8596-2609","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lorenzo","family":"Ridola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.1840070124","article-title":"Compensated cirrhosis: Natural history and prognostic factors","volume":"7","author":"Quintero","year":"1987","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.27210","article-title":"Hepatic encephalopathy in chronic liver disease: 2014 Practice Guideline by the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases and the European Association for the Study of the Liver","volume":"60","author":"Vilstrup","year":"2014","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v19.i1.26","article-title":"Current pathogenetic aspects of hepatic encephalopathy and noncirrhotic hyperammonemic encephalopathy","volume":"19","author":"Michalak","year":"2013","journal-title":"World J. 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