{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,25]],"date-time":"2026-02-25T10:24:55Z","timestamp":1772015095755,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,26]],"date-time":"2021-12-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1640476800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Intra-operative nausea, vomiting and retching (NVR) are frequently associated with subarachnoid anesthesia (SA) in women undergoing cesarean section (CS). In this study performed in women undergoing CS under SA with a risk factor control strategy, we compared saline (placebo), propofol, metoclopramide and both drugs to prevent NVR. Methods: We recorded NVR events in 110 women undergoing CS who were randomized after umbilical cord clamping to receive saline (S; n = 27), metoclopramide 10 mg (M; n = 28), propofol 1 mg\/kg\/h (P; n = 27) or both drugs (PM; n = 28). Results: The proportion of women with intra-operative nausea was: S: 17\/27 (63%); P: 15\/27 (56%); M: 13\/28 (46%); PM: 6\/28 (21%) (p = 0.012, Cram\u00e9r\u2019s V = 0.31 (large effect). The proportion of women with intra-operative vomiting\/retching was: S: 9\/27 (33%); M: 7\/27 (25%); P: 3\/28 (11%); PM 2\/28 (7%) (p = 0.049, Cram\u00e9r\u2019s V = 0.26 (medium effect). Post-hoc multiple comparisons revealed a significant reduction in NVR episodes and NRS scores between the PM group and control. Sedation scores did not differ among groups. Conclusion: In women undergoing CS under SA with a risk factor control strategy, combined propofol and metoclopramide reduce nausea and vomiting.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11010110","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,27]],"date-time":"2021-12-27T01:00:54Z","timestamp":1640566854000},"page":"110","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Metoclopramide and Propofol to Prevent Nausea and Vomiting during Cesarean Section under Spinal Anesthesia: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Double-Blind Trial"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5510-5649","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhirajr","family":"Mokini","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Independent Researcher, European Society of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Mentorship Programme, B-1000 Brussels, Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Valentina","family":"Genocchio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ospedale San Maurizio di Bolzano, Via Lorenz B\u00f6hler 5, 39100 Bolzano, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5772-8439","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patrice","family":"Forget","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epidemiology Group, Institute of Applied Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK"},{"name":"Department of Anaesthesia, NHS Grampian, Aberdeen AB25 2ZN, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Flavia","family":"Petrini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency, SS.ma Annunziata University Hospital, Via dei Vestini, 66100 Chieti, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"CD007579","article-title":"Interventions for preventing nausea and vomiting in women undergoing regional anaesthesia for caesarean section","volume":"18","author":"Griffiths","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst. 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