{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,18]],"date-time":"2025-12-18T13:40:36Z","timestamp":1766065236550,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,27]],"date-time":"2021-12-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1640563200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Objectives: The objective of this study was to analyze the pre-operative and intra-operative variables that can condition urinary incontinence (UI) after radical prostatectomy (RP), as well as continence rate recovery during a pelvic floor rehabilitation program. Materials and Methods: A total of 72 cases with UI after RP were prospectively examined. All cases were homogeneously treated by the same surgeon, using the same RP technique. A combination of biofeedback (BF) and pelvic floor electric stimulation (PFES) performed by the same clinician and using the same protocol was used. Clinical, pathologic and surgical variables were analyzed in terms of 24 h pad test results (pad weight and pad-free status). Results: Prostate volume (PV) strongly varied from 24 to 127 cc (mean \u00b1 SD 46.39 \u00b1 18.65 cc), and the baseline pad weight varied from 10 to 1500 cc (mean \u00b1 SD 354.29 \u00b1 404.15 cc). PV strongly and positively correlated with the baseline pad weight (r = 0.4215; p = 0.0269) and inversely with the three-month pad weight (r = \u2212 0.4763; p = 0.0213) and pad-free status (r =\u2212 0.3010; p = 0.0429). The risk of a residual pad weight &gt;10 g after the rehabilitative program significantly increased according to PV (p = 0.001) and the baseline pad weight (p = 0.002 and &lt; 0.0001). In particular, PV &gt; 40 cc and a baseline pad weight &gt;400 g significantly (p = 0.010 and p &lt; 0.0001, respectively) and independently predicted a 5.7 and a 35.4 times increase in the risk of a residual pad weight at the three-month follow-up, respectively. Conclusion: This is the first prospective trial whose primary objective is to verify the possible predictors, such as PV, that are able to condition the response to a pelvic floor rehabilitation program for UI after RP.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11010127","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,28]],"date-time":"2021-12-28T01:18:15Z","timestamp":1640654295000},"page":"127","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["How to Predict Outcomes from a Biofeedback and Pelvic Floor Muscle Electric Stimulation Program in Patients with Urinary Incontinence after Radical Prostatectomy"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Stefano","family":"Salciccia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Maternal-Infant and Urologic Sciences, Sapienza Rome University, Policlinico Umberto I Hospital, Viale del Policlinico 151, 00161 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7899-8056","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alessandro","family":"Sciarra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Maternal-Infant and Urologic Sciences, Sapienza Rome University, Policlinico Umberto I Hospital, Viale del Policlinico 151, 00161 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Martina","family":"Moriconi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Maternal-Infant and Urologic Sciences, Sapienza Rome University, Policlinico Umberto I Hospital, Viale del Policlinico 151, 00161 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Martina","family":"Maggi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Maternal-Infant and Urologic Sciences, Sapienza Rome University, Policlinico Umberto I Hospital, Viale del Policlinico 151, 00161 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1252-1511","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pietro","family":"Viscuso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Maternal-Infant and Urologic Sciences, Sapienza Rome University, Policlinico Umberto I Hospital, Viale del Policlinico 151, 00161 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Davide","family":"Rosati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Maternal-Infant and Urologic Sciences, Sapienza Rome University, Policlinico Umberto I Hospital, Viale del Policlinico 151, 00161 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marco","family":"Frisenda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Maternal-Infant and Urologic Sciences, Sapienza Rome University, Policlinico Umberto I Hospital, Viale del Policlinico 151, 00161 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giovanni Battista","family":"Di Pierro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Maternal-Infant and Urologic Sciences, Sapienza Rome University, Policlinico Umberto I Hospital, Viale del Policlinico 151, 00161 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vittorio","family":"Canale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Maternal-Infant and Urologic Sciences, Sapienza Rome University, Policlinico Umberto I Hospital, Viale del Policlinico 151, 00161 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giulio","family":"Bevilacqua","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Maternal-Infant and Urologic Sciences, Sapienza Rome University, Policlinico Umberto I Hospital, Viale del Policlinico 151, 00161 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gianluca","family":"Nesi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Sant\u2019Andrea Hospital, 00141 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3865-5988","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesco","family":"Del Giudice","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Maternal-Infant and Urologic Sciences, Sapienza Rome University, Policlinico Umberto I Hospital, Viale del Policlinico 151, 00161 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alessandro","family":"Gentilucci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Maternal-Infant and Urologic Sciences, Sapienza Rome University, Policlinico Umberto I Hospital, Viale del Policlinico 151, 00161 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Susanna","family":"Cattarino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Maternal-Infant and Urologic Sciences, Sapienza Rome University, Policlinico Umberto I Hospital, Viale del Policlinico 151, 00161 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gianna","family":"Mariotti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Maternal-Infant and Urologic Sciences, Sapienza Rome University, Policlinico Umberto I Hospital, Viale del Policlinico 151, 00161 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"(2020, November 03). EAU Guidelines. Edn. Presented at the EAU Annual Congress Amsterdam. Available online: https:\/\/uroweb.org\/guideline\/urinary-incontinence\/."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1707","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(01)65488-0","article-title":"Risk factors for urinary incontinence after radical prostatectomy","volume":"156","author":"Eastham","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Urol."},{"key":"ref_3","first-page":"CD001843","article-title":"Conservative management for postprostatectomy urinary incontinence","volume":"2","author":"Hunter","year":"2004","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst. Rev."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"714","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1464-410X.2002.02721.x","article-title":"Biofeedback vs. verbal feedback as learning tools for pelvic muscle exercises in the early management of urinary incontinence after radical prostatectomy","volume":"89","author":"Floratos","year":"2002","journal-title":"BJU Int."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1464-410x.1999.00894.x","article-title":"Urinary incontinence after radical prostatectomy: A randomized controlled trial comparing pelvic muscle exercises with or without electrical stimulation","volume":"83","author":"Moore","year":"1999","journal-title":"BJU Int."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.4081\/aiua.2020.1.7","article-title":"Adjustable bulbourethral male sling: Experience after 30 cases of moderate to severe male stress urinary incontinence","volume":"92","author":"Cotugno","year":"2020","journal-title":"Arch. Ital. Urol. Androl."},{"key":"ref_7","first-page":"CD001202","article-title":"Electrical stimulation with non-implanted electrodes for urinary incontinence in men","volume":"6","author":"Berghmans","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst. Rev."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e14208","DOI":"10.1111\/ijcp.14208","article-title":"A biofeedback-guided programme or pelvic floor muscle electric stimulation can improve early recovery of urinary continence after radical prostatectomy: A meta-analysis and systematic review","volume":"75","author":"Sciarra","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Clin. Pract."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1002\/pros.10347","article-title":"Clinical understaging in patients with prostate adenocarcinoma submitted to radical prostatectomy: Predictive value of serum chromogranin A","volume":"58","author":"Sciarra","year":"2004","journal-title":"Prostate"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"825","DOI":"10.1589\/jpts.30.825","article-title":"Pelvic floor muscle training and electrical stimulation as rehabilitation after radical prostatectomy: A randomized controlled trial","volume":"30","author":"Laurienzo","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Phys. Ther. Sci."},{"key":"ref_11","first-page":"218","article-title":"Pelvic muscle exercise\/biofeedback for urinary incontinence after prostatectomy: An education program","volume":"12","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Cancer Educ."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1280","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urology.2007.12.034","article-title":"Return to continence after radical retropubic prostatectomy: A randomized trial of verbal and written instructions versus therapist-directed pelvic floor muscle therapy","volume":"72","author":"Moore","year":"2008","journal-title":"Urology"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1034","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2010.05.040","article-title":"Long-term effect of early postoperative pelvic floor biofeedback on continence in men undergoing radical prostatectomy: A prospective, randomized, controlled trial","volume":"184","author":"Ribeiro","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Urol."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1004","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-410X.2012.10948.x","article-title":"Efficacy of an assisted low-intensity programme of perioperative pelvic floor muscle training in improving the recovery of continence after radical prostatectomy: A randomized controlled trial","volume":"110","author":"Tienforti","year":"2012","journal-title":"BJU Int."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(99)03473-X","article-title":"Effect of pelvic-floor re-education on duration and degree of incontinence after radical prostatectomy: A randomised controlled trial","volume":"355","author":"Feys","year":"2000","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-410X.2010.09159.x","article-title":"The recovery of urinary continence after radical retropubic prostatectomy: A randomized trial comparing the effect of physiotherapist-guided pelvic floor muscle exercises with guidance by an instruction folder only","volume":"106","author":"Dubbelman","year":"2010","journal-title":"BJU Int."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(05)68002-0","article-title":"Early post-prostatectomy pelvic floor biofeedback","volume":"163","author":"Franke","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Urol."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urology.2015.02.064","article-title":"Recovery of Urinary Continence After Radical Prostatectomy Using Early vs. Late Pelvic Floor Electrical Stimulation and Biofeedback-associated Treatment","volume":"86","author":"Mariotti","year":"2015","journal-title":"Urology"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.23300","article-title":"The effects of Pilates method on pelvic floor muscle strength in patients with post-prostatectomy urinary incontinence: A randomized clinical trial","volume":"37","author":"Gomes","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neurourol. Urodyn."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.22761","article-title":"Is pilates as effective as conventional pelvic floor muscle exercises in the conservative treatment of post-prostatectomy urinary incontinence? A randomised controlled trial","volume":"3","author":"Pedriali","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neurourol. Urodyn."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urology.2003.09.024","article-title":"Comparative study of effects of extracorporeal magnetic innervation versus electrical stimulation for urinary incontinence after radical prostatectomy","volume":"63","author":"Yokoyama","year":"2004","journal-title":"Urology"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ju.0000076141.33973.75","article-title":"Pelvic floor exercises, electrical stimulation and biofeedback after radical prostatectomy: Results of a prospective randomized trial","volume":"170","author":"Wille","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Urol."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2007","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2010.06.103","article-title":"Randomized, placebo controlled study of electrical stimulation with pelvic floor muscle training for severe urinary incontinence after radical prostatectomy","volume":"184","author":"Yamanishi","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Urol."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1788","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2008.11.104","article-title":"Early recovery of urinary continence after radical prostatectomy using early pelvic floor electrical stimulation and biofeedback associated treatment","volume":"181","author":"Mariotti","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Urol."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physio.2018.07.013","article-title":"Effect of 4 weeks of whole-body vibration training in treating stress urinary incontinence after prostate cancer surgery: A randomised controlled trial","volume":"105","author":"Tantawy","year":"2019","journal-title":"Physiotherapy"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1557988319851618","DOI":"10.1177\/1557988319851618","article-title":"Improvement of Urinary Incontinence, Life Impact, and Depression and Anxiety with Modified Pelvic Floor Muscle Training After Radical Prostatectomy","volume":"13","author":"Pan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am. J. Men\u2019s Health"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"985","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.20442","article-title":"Contribution of early intensive prolonged pelvic floor exercises on urinary continence recovery after bladder neck-sparing radical prostatectomy: Results of a prospective controlled randomized trial","volume":"26","author":"Manassero","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neurourol. Urodyn."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.3109\/00365599.2012.694117","article-title":"Does physiotherapist-guided pelvic floor muscle training increase the quality of life in patients after radical prostatectomy? A randomized clinical study","volume":"46","author":"Nilssen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Scand. J. Urol. Nephrol."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(11)60751-4","article-title":"Urinary incontinence in men after formal one-to-one pelvic-floor muscle training following radical prostatectomy or transurethral resection of the prostate (MAPS): Two parallel randomised controlled trials","volume":"378","author":"Glazener","year":"2011","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"734","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2005.06.004","article-title":"Effectiveness of early pelvic floor rehabilitation treatment for post-prostatectomy incontinence","volume":"48","author":"Filocamo","year":"2005","journal-title":"Eur. Urol."}],"container-title":["Journal of Clinical Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2077-0383\/11\/1\/127\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T07:54:10Z","timestamp":1760169250000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2077-0383\/11\/1\/127"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,27]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]}},"alternative-id":["jcm11010127"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm11010127","relation":{},"ISSN":["2077-0383"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2077-0383"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,27]]}}}