{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]],"date-time":"2026-07-14T15:24:01Z","timestamp":1784042641675,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,3]],"date-time":"2022-01-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1641168000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study aimed to investigate the arithmetic mean of surgically induced astigmatism (M-SIA) and the centroid of surgically induced astigmatism (C-SIA) after standard trabeculectomy. We comprised 185 eyes of 143 consecutive patients (mean age \u00b1 standard deviation, 67.7 \u00b1 11.6 years) who underwent trabeculectomy and completed at least a 3-month routine follow-up. In all cases, the scleral flap was made at the nasal-superior location. Corneal astigmatism was measured with an automated keratometer. We calculated the M-SIA and the C-SIA using vector analysis and applied the astigmatism double angle plot. The magnitude of corneal astigmatism increased significantly, from 1.17 \u00b1 0.92 D preoperatively to 1.77 \u00b1 1.05 D postoperatively (paired t-test, p &lt; 0.001). The M-SIA was 1.12 \u00b1 0.55 D, and the C-SIA was 0.73 D @64\u00b0 \u00b1 1.02 D in the right eye group, and the M-SIA was 1.08 \u00b1 0.48 D and the C-SIA was 0.60 D @117\u00b0 \u00b1 1.03 D in the left eye group. The C-SIA showed an astigmatic shift toward the nasal-superior location of the scleral flap creation. Our results revealed that trabeculectomy induced the SIA in the direction of the scleral flap location and that the C-SIA was much lower than the M-SIA in eyes undergoing trabeculectomy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11010240","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,7]],"date-time":"2022-01-07T01:14:02Z","timestamp":1641518042000},"page":"240","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Effect of Trabeculectomy on Mean and Centroid Surgically Induced Astigmatism"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Wakako","family":"Ando","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Kitasato University, Sagamihara 252-0373, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kazutaka","family":"Kamiya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Visual Physiology, School of Allied Health Sciences, Kitasato University, Sagamihara 252-0373, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masayuki","family":"Kasahara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Kitasato University, Sagamihara 252-0373, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3719-0376","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nobuyuki","family":"Shoji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Kitasato University, Sagamihara 252-0373, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1030","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.126.8.1030","article-title":"Canadian Glaucoma Study: 2. risk factors for the progression of open-angle glaucoma","volume":"126","author":"Chauhan","year":"2008","journal-title":"Arch. 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