{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T21:05:50Z","timestamp":1791925550381,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,10]],"date-time":"2022-01-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1641772800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Halitosis is considered to be extremely unattractive in the context of social interactions. The main research objective of this study was to evaluate whether intra-oral halitosis may impact patients\u2019 quality of life (QOL). One hundred generally healthy adult participants complaining about oral malodor and diagnosed with intra-oral halitosis were enrolled in this study. For halitosis diagnosis, a gas chromatography (GC) analysis by the Oral Chroma portable device was used. QOL assessment was based on the Short Form 36-item Health Survey (SF-36). The respondents had the highest scores in the physical functioning (PF), activity limitations caused by emotional problems (RE) and activity limitations caused by physical problems (RP) domains, and the weakest in the general health perception (GH), vitality (VT) and emotional wellbeing (MH) ones. The total volatile sulfur compounds (VSCs) level was negatively correlated with SF-36 domains. The SF-36 domains\u2019 scores decreased the higher the level of VSC was. The respondents assessed their QOL to be at its best in physical functioning and activity limitations caused by emotional and physical problems and the worst in general health perception, vitality and emotional wellbeing. The strongest correlation between halitosis and decreased QOL was found in the social functioning (SF), vitality, emotional wellbeing and general health perception domains.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11020326","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,10]],"date-time":"2022-01-10T17:42:25Z","timestamp":1641836545000},"page":"326","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Clinical Trial Evaluating Quality of Life in Patients with Intra-Oral Halitosis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9023-0824","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Iwona","family":"Olszewska-Czyz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Periodontology, Prophylaxis and Oral Pathology Department, Medical Faculty, Jagiellonian University, 31155 Krakow, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1555-3591","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sarkis","family":"Sozkes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomaterials Department, Biomedical Engineering Corlu Faculty, Tekirdag Namik Kemal University, 59860 Tekirdag, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Agata","family":"Dudzik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Periodontology, Prophylaxis and Oral Pathology Department, Medical Faculty, Jagiellonian University, 31155 Krakow, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"558","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.41.2.558-563.2003","article-title":"Diversity of bacterial populations on the tongue dorsa of patients with halitosis and healthy patients","volume":"41","author":"Kazor","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. 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