{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,24]],"date-time":"2026-06-24T22:11:18Z","timestamp":1782339078437,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":92,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,12]],"date-time":"2022-01-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1641945600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>International guidelines recommend a treat-to-target strategy with a close monitoring of disease activity and therapeutic response in inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). Colonoscopy (CS) represents the current first-line procedure for evaluating disease activity in IBD. However, as it is expensive, invasive and poorly accepted by patients, CS is not appropriate for frequent and repetitive reassessments of disease activity. Recently, cross-sectional imaging techniques have been increasingly shown as reliable tools for assessing IBD activity. While computed tomography (CT) is hampered by radiation risks, routine implementation of magnetic resonance enterography (MRE) for close monitoring is limited by its costs, low availability and long examination time. Novel magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-based techniques, such as diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI), can overcome some of these weaknesses and have been shown as valuable options for IBD monitoring. Bowel ultrasound (BUS) is a noninvasive, highly available, cheap, and well accepted procedure that has been demonstrated to be as accurate as CS and MRE for assessing and monitoring disease activity in IBD. Furthermore, as BUS can be quickly performed at the point-of-care, it allows for real-time clinical decision making. This review summarizes the current evidence on the use of cross-sectional imaging techniques as cost-effective, noninvasive and reliable alternatives to CS for monitoring patients with IBD.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11020353","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,12]],"date-time":"2022-01-12T09:10:36Z","timestamp":1641978636000},"page":"353","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Cross-Sectional Imaging Instead of Colonoscopy in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: Lights and Shadows"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9702-4508","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ludovico","family":"Alfarone","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy, Department of Gastroenterology, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano, MI, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8543-4355","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arianna","family":"Dal Buono","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy, Department of Gastroenterology, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano, MI, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vincenzo","family":"Craviotto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy, Department of Gastroenterology, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano, MI, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessandra","family":"Zilli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastroenterology and Endoscopy, IRCCS Hospital San Raffaele, University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, 20132 Milan, MI, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gionata","family":"Fiorino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastroenterology and Endoscopy, IRCCS Hospital San Raffaele, University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, 20132 Milan, MI, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Federica","family":"Furfaro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy, Department of Gastroenterology, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano, MI, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ferdinando","family":"D\u2019Amico","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastroenterology and Endoscopy, IRCCS Hospital San Raffaele, University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, 20132 Milan, MI, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, 20090 Pieve Emanuele, MI, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Silvio","family":"Danese","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastroenterology and Endoscopy, IRCCS Hospital San Raffaele, University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, 20132 Milan, MI, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mariangela","family":"Allocca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastroenterology and Endoscopy, IRCCS Hospital San Raffaele, University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, 20132 Milan, MI, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1741","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)31711-1","article-title":"Crohn\u2019s disease","volume":"389","author":"Torres","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1756","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)32126-2","article-title":"Ulcerative colitis","volume":"389","author":"Ungaro","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1570","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2020.12.031","article-title":"STRIDE-II: An Update on the Selecting Therapeutic Targets in Inflammatory Bowel Disease (STRIDE) Initiative of the International Organization for the Study of IBD (IOIBD): Determining Therapeutic Goals for Treat-to-Target strategies in IBD","volume":"160","author":"Turner","year":"2021","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1093\/ecco-jcc\/jjz131","article-title":"Outcomes and Strategies to Support a Treat-to-target Approach in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Systematic Review","volume":"14","author":"Colombel","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. 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