{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,17]],"date-time":"2026-04-17T10:22:54Z","timestamp":1776421374307,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":123,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,14]],"date-time":"2022-01-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1642118400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Cardiac rehabilitation (CR) is an integral part of the management of various cardiovascular disease such as coronary artery disease (CAD), peripheral artery disease (PAD), or chronic heart failure (CHF), with proven morbidity and mortality benefits. This article aims to review and summarize the scientific literature related to cardiac rehabilitation programs for patients with PAD and how they were adapted during the COVID-19 pandemic. The implementation of CR programs has been problematic since the COVID-19 pandemic due to social distancing and work-related restrictions. One of the main challenges for physicians and health systems alike has been the management of PAD patients. COVID-19 predisposes to coagulation disorders that can lead to severe thrombotic events. Home-based walking exercises are more accessible and easier to accept than supervised exercise programs. Cycling or other forms of exercise are more entertaining or challenging alternatives to exercise therapy. Besides treadmill exercises, upper- and lower-extremity ergometry also has great functional benefits, especially regarding walking endurance. Supervised exercise therapy has a positive impact on both functional capacity and also on the quality of life of such patients. The most effective manner to acquire this seems to be by combining revascularization therapy and supervised exercise. Rehabilitation programs proved to be a mandatory part of the integrative approach in these cases, increasing quality of life, and decreasing stress levels, depression, and anxiety.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11020416","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,16]],"date-time":"2022-01-16T20:44:00Z","timestamp":1642365840000},"page":"416","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Cardiac Rehabilitation in Patients with Peripheral Artery Disease\u2014A Literature Review in COVID-19 Era"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8041-4347","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Razvan","family":"Anghel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Rehabilitation Hospital, Cardiovascular Rehabilitation Clinic, Pantelimon Halipa Street nr 14, 700661 Iasi, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7313-3320","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cristina Andreea","family":"Adam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Rehabilitation Hospital, Cardiovascular Rehabilitation Clinic, Pantelimon Halipa Street nr 14, 700661 Iasi, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2334-9953","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dragos Traian Marius","family":"Marcu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy \u201cGrigore T. Popa\u201d, University Street nr 16, 700115 Iasi, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9438-8565","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ovidiu","family":"Mitu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy \u201cGrigore T. Popa\u201d, University Street nr 16, 700115 Iasi, Romania"},{"name":"\u201cSf. Spiridon\u201d Clinical Emergency Hospital, Independence Boulevard nr 1, 700111 Iasi, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1801-9327","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Florin","family":"Mitu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Rehabilitation Hospital, Cardiovascular Rehabilitation Clinic, Pantelimon Halipa Street nr 14, 700661 Iasi, Romania"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy \u201cGrigore T. Popa\u201d, University Street nr 16, 700115 Iasi, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"785","DOI":"10.1136\/heartjnl-2012-303055","article-title":"Cardiorespiratory Fitness Changes in Patients Receiving Comprehensive Outpatient Cardiac Rehabilitation in the UK: A Multicentre Study","volume":"99","author":"Sandercock","year":"2013","journal-title":"Heart"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"510","DOI":"10.1136\/heartjnl-2018-314206","article-title":"Standards and Core Components for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Rehabilitation","volume":"105","author":"Cowie","year":"2019","journal-title":"Heart"},{"key":"ref_3","first-page":"e726","article-title":"2016 AHA\/ACC Guideline on the Management of Patients With Lower Extremity Peripheral Artery Disease: A Report of the American College of Cardiology\/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines","volume":"135","author":"Gornik","year":"2017","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Writing Committee Members, Gerhard-Herman, M.D., Gornik, H.L., Barrett, C., Barshes, N.R., Corriere, M.A., Drachman, D.E., Fleisher, L.A., Fowkes, F.G.R., and Hamburg, N.M. 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