{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T21:49:09Z","timestamp":1790372949779,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,23]],"date-time":"2022-01-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1642896000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Our antimicrobial pharmacist-led intervention included: (a) a structured review of antibiotic prescriptions; (b) educating prescribers on antimicrobial therapy; (c) monthly reporting of department-level rates of blood sampling for culture. Daily review began in May 2018 and was discontinued after 10 months; however, the other interventions were conducted throughout the study period. This study aimed to evaluate the sustained impact of pharmacist\u2019s interventions on antimicrobial therapy and clinical outcomes between the baseline (May\u2013December 2017), intervention (May\u2013December 2018), and post-intervention (May\u2013December 2019) periods. The rate of blood culture collections before starting antipseudomonal agent therapy was significantly increased from the baseline to post-intervention periods (71% vs. 85%, p &lt; 0.001). Antipseudomonal agent therapy was more frequently de-escalated in the post-intervention period than in the baseline period (73% vs. 54%, p = 0.038). Total use of antipseudomonal agents was reduced from the baseline to intervention periods and persisted during the post-intervention period (50.5 vs. 41.8 and 42.6 DDD per 1000 patient-days, p = 0.016 and p = 0.022, respectively). During the study period, there were significant reductions in the incidence of hospital-acquired Clostridioides difficile infection (1.12, 0.54, and 0.51 per 10,000 patient-days, respectively, p = 0.031) and 30-day mortality with bacteremia (19%, 18%, and 12%, respectively, p = 0.005). Our pharmacist-led interventions sustainably achieved appropriate antimicrobial therapy and improved clinical outcomes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11030566","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,23]],"date-time":"2022-01-23T20:34:40Z","timestamp":1642970080000},"page":"566","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Sustained Improvements in Antimicrobial Therapy and Clinical Outcomes following a Pharmacist-Led Antimicrobial Stewardship Intervention: Uncontrolled Before\u2013After Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Atsushi","family":"Uda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infection Control and Prevention, Kobe University Hospital, Kobe 650-0017, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Kobe University Hospital, Kobe 650-0017, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kei","family":"Ebisawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Disease, Kobe University Hospital, Kobe 650-0017, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hitomi","family":"Sakon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infection Control and Prevention, Kobe University Hospital, Kobe 650-0017, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mari","family":"Kusuki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infection Control and Prevention, Kobe University Hospital, Kobe 650-0017, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rie","family":"Izuta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infection Control and Prevention, Kobe University Hospital, Kobe 650-0017, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mariko","family":"Yahata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infection Control and Prevention, Kobe University Hospital, Kobe 650-0017, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ikuko","family":"Yano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Kobe University Hospital, Kobe 650-0017, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takayuki","family":"Miyara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infection Control and Prevention, Kobe University Hospital, Kobe 650-0017, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"(2021, April 06). 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