{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,29]],"date-time":"2026-08-29T13:23:04Z","timestamp":1788009784931,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,28]],"date-time":"2022-01-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1643328000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Objective: To determine the effects of behavioural interventions in people with oropharyngeal dysphagia. Methods: Systematic literature searches were conducted to retrieve randomized controlled trials in four different databases (CINAHL, Embase, PsycINFO, and PubMed). The methodological quality of eligible articles was assessed using the Revised Cochrane risk-of-bias tool for randomised trials (RoB 2), after which meta-analyses were performed using a random-effects model. Results: A total of 37 studies were included. Overall, a significant, large pre-post interventions effect size was found. To compare different types of interventions, all behavioural interventions and conventional dysphagia treatment comparison groups were categorised into compensatory, rehabilitative, and combined compensatory and rehabilitative interventions. Overall, significant treatment effects were identified favouring behavioural interventions. In particular, large effect sizes were found when comparing rehabilitative interventions with no dysphagia treatment, and combined interventions with compensatory conventional dysphagia treatment. When comparing selected interventions versus conventional dysphagia treatment, significant, large effect sizes were found in favour of Shaker exercise, chin tuck against resistance exercise, and expiratory muscle strength training. Conclusions: Behavioural interventions show promising effects in people with oropharyngeal dysphagia. However, due to high heterogeneity between studies, generalisations of meta-analyses need to be interpreted with care.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11030685","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,29]],"date-time":"2022-01-29T05:26:17Z","timestamp":1643433977000},"page":"685","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":52,"title":["Behavioural Interventions in People with Oropharyngeal Dysphagia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomised Clinical Trials"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2828-8897","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ren\u00e9e","family":"Speyer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department Special Needs Education, Faculty of Educational Sciences, University of Oslo, 0318 Oslo, Norway"},{"name":"Curtin School of Allied Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6102, Australia"},{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Leiden University Medical Centre, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9906-5300","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Reinie","family":"Cordier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Curtin School of Allied Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6102, Australia"},{"name":"Department of Social Work, Education and Community Wellbeing, Faculty of Health & Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE7 7XA, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0759-123X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna-Liisa","family":"Sutt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Critical Care Research Group, The Prince Charles Hospital, Brisbane, QLD 4032, Australia"},{"name":"School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2029-3037","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lianne","family":"Remijn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Allied Health, HAN University of Applied Sciences, 6525 EN Nijmegen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8309-8773","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bas Joris","family":"Heijnen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Leiden University Medical Centre, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1311-4501","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mathieu","family":"Balaguer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IRIT, CNRS, Universit\u00e9 Paul Sabatier, 31400 Toulouse, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7846-7282","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Timothy","family":"Pomm\u00e9e","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IRIT, CNRS, Universit\u00e9 Paul Sabatier, 31400 Toulouse, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9713-6566","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michelle","family":"McInerney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Allied Health (SoAH), Australian Catholic University (ACU), Sydney, NSW 2060, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6749-9390","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Liza","family":"Bergstr\u00f6m","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Remeo Stockholm, 128 64 Stockholm, Sweden"},{"name":"Speech Therapy Clinic, Danderyd University Hospital, 182 88 Stockholm, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1007\/s00455-014-9584-z","article-title":"Prevalence of oropharyngeal dysphagia in the Netherlands: A telephone survey","volume":"30","author":"Kertscher","year":"2015","journal-title":"Dysphagia"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Speyer, R., Cordier, R., Farneti, D., Nascimento, W., Pilz, W., Verin, E., Walshe, M., and Woisard, V. 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