{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T19:03:32Z","timestamp":1790622212035,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":73,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,28]],"date-time":"2022-01-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1643328000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Cardiac involvement in drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DS) is rare but associated with high mortality. The aim of this research was to systematically review case reports by PRISMA guidelines in order to synthetize the knowledge of cardiac manifestations of DS. We identified 42 cases from 36 case reports. Women were two times more affected than men. Two-thirds of patients had cardiac manifestation in the initial phase of the disease, while in one-third of cases cardiac manifestations developed later (mean time of 70 \u00b1 63 days). The most common inciting medications were minocycline (19%) and allopurinol (12%). In 17% of patients, the heart was the only internal organ affected, while the majority (83%) had at least one additional organ involved, most commonly the liver and the kidneys. Dyspnea (55%), cardiogenic shock (43%), chest pain (38%), and tachycardia (33%) were the most common cardiac signs and symptoms reported. Patients frequently had an abnormal ECG (71.4%), and a decrease in left ventricular ejection fraction was the most common echocardiographic finding (45%). Endomyocardial biopsy or histological examination at autopsy was performed in 52.4%, with the predominant finding being fulminant eosinophilic myocarditis with acute necrosis in 70% of those biopsied. All patients received immunosuppressive therapy with intravenous steroids, while non-responders were more likely to have received IVIG, cyclosporine, mycophenolate, and other steroid-sparing agents (60%). Gender and degree of left ventricular systolic dysfunction were not associated with outcomes, but short latency between drug exposure and the first DRESS symptom onset (&lt;15 days) and older age (above 65 years) was associated with death. This underscores the potential importance of heightened awareness and early treatment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11030704","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,29]],"date-time":"2022-01-29T05:26:17Z","timestamp":1643433977000},"page":"704","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":51,"title":["\u201cHeart in DRESS\u201d: Cardiac Manifestations, Treatment and Outcome of Patients with Drug Reaction with Eosinophilia and Systemic Symptoms Syndrome: A Systematic Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9692-8772","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Milan","family":"Radovanovic","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Mayo Clinic Alix School of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905, USA"},{"name":"Department of Hospital Medicine, Mayo Clinic Health System, Eau Claire, WI 54703, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3790-3951","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Djordje","family":"Jevtic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew D.","family":"Calvin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mayo Clinic Alix School of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905, USA"},{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic Health System, Eau Claire, WI 54703, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marija","family":"Petrovic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Margaret","family":"Paulson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mayo Clinic Alix School of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905, USA"},{"name":"Department of Hospital Medicine, Mayo Clinic Health System, Eau Claire, WI 54703, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6964-5956","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Libardo","family":"Rueda Prada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mayo Clinic Alix School of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905, USA"},{"name":"Department of Hospital Medicine, Mayo Clinic Health System, Eau Claire, WI 54703, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lawrence","family":"Sprecher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mayo Clinic Alix School of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905, USA"},{"name":"Department of Hospital Medicine, Mayo Clinic Health System, Eau Claire, WI 54703, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ivana","family":"Savic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5312-8812","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Igor","family":"Dumic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mayo Clinic Alix School of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905, USA"},{"name":"Department of Hospital Medicine, Mayo Clinic Health System, Eau Claire, WI 54703, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"874","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.134.7.874","article-title":"DIDMOHS: A proposed consensus nomenclature for the drug-induced delayed multiorgan hypersensitivity syndrome","volume":"134","author":"Sontheimer","year":"1998","journal-title":"Arch. 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