{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T02:47:50Z","timestamp":1760150870104,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,31]],"date-time":"2022-01-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1643587200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The aim of this study is to investigate whether it is possible to detect future behavioral and emotional problems in extremely low-birth-weight infants by evaluating the neonatal head magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) using a scoring system. This study included 62 extremely low-birth-weight infants born between April 2015 and March 2017 and those who had undergone MRI at 36 to 42 weeks of gestation. These subjects were administered with the Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) at age 4\u20135, and the patients who responded to the questionnaire were included in the study. A positive correlation was observed between the Global Brain Abnormality Score and Total Difficulties Score of the SDQ (r = 0.26, p = 0.038). However, no significant difference was observed between the median Global Brain Abnormality Score of the normal and borderline-range group and the Total Difficulties Score of the clinical-range group (p = 0.51). This study demonstrated the relationship between the MRI findings in the newborn period and the emotional and behavioral problems in early childhood, but it is not clinically useful as a predictive marker.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11030772","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,31]],"date-time":"2022-01-31T08:20:29Z","timestamp":1643617229000},"page":"772","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Relationship between Neonatal MRI Findings and Emotional\/Behavioral Evaluation in Early Childhood for Extremely Low-Birth-Weight Infants"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6256-3146","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Akinobu","family":"Taniguchi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neonatology, Center for Maternal-Neonatal Care, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya 466-8560, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Masahiro","family":"Hayakawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neonatology, Center for Maternal-Neonatal Care, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya 466-8560, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2019-5346","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Erina","family":"Kataoka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Anjo Kosei Hospital, Anjo 446-8602, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Naozumi","family":"Fujishiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Japanese Red Cross Aichi Medical Center Nagoya Daiichi Hospital, Nagoya 453-8511, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6320-9176","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yoshiaki","family":"Sato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neonatology, Center for Maternal-Neonatal Care, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya 466-8560, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e7961","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.e7961","article-title":"Neurological and Developmental Outcome in Extremely Preterm Children Born in England in 1995 and 2006: The EPICure Studies","volume":"345","author":"Moore","year":"2012","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105037","DOI":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2020.105037","article-title":"Predicting Physical Activity in a National Cohort of Children Born Extremely Preterm","volume":"145","author":"Engan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Early Hum. Dev."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105076","DOI":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2020.105076","article-title":"Executive Function Deficits Mediate the Association between Very Preterm Birth and Behavioral Problems at School-Age","volume":"146","author":"Schnider","year":"2020","journal-title":"Early Hum. Dev."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1111\/jpc.13707","article-title":"Community-Based Screening to Detect School Readiness Problems in Very Preterm Children","volume":"54","author":"Rajput","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Paediatr. Child Health"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1485","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2008-1216","article-title":"Behavioral Problems and Cognitive Performance at 5 Years of Age after Very Preterm Birth: The EPIPAGE Study","volume":"123","author":"Arnaud","year":"2009","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"662","DOI":"10.1111\/josh.12805","article-title":"School-Based Mental Health Promotion and Prevention Program \u201cTurn 2 Us\u201d Reduces Mental Health Risk Behaviors in Urban, Minority Youth","volume":"89","author":"Raval","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Sch. Health"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2021.02.005","article-title":"Associations between Neonatal Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Short- and Long-Term Neurodevelopmental Outcomes in a Longitudinal Cohort of Very Preterm Children","volume":"234","author":"Jansen","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Pediatrics"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1092","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2019.01.021","article-title":"Neuroimaging Evidence for Right Orbitofrontal Cortex Differences in Adolescents with Emotional and Behavioral Dysregulation","volume":"58","author":"Spechler","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2208","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A3521","article-title":"New MR Imaging Assessment Tool to Define Brain Abnormalities in Very Preterm Infants at Term","volume":"34","author":"Kidokoro","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am. J. Neuroradiol."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1051","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1442-200X.2011.03480.x","article-title":"Outcomes of Very-Low-Birthweight Infants at 3 Years of Age Born in 2003\u20132004 in Japan","volume":"53","author":"Kono","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pediatrics Int."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2015.10.010","article-title":"Developmental Assessment of VLBW Infants at 18 Months of Age: A Comparison Study between KSPD and Bayley III","volume":"38","author":"Kono","year":"2016","journal-title":"Brain Dev."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.1997.tb01545.x","article-title":"The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire: A Research Note","volume":"38","author":"Goodman","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Child Psychol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_13","unstructured":"Kamio, Y. (2022, January 30). [Community-Based Cross-Sectional and Longitudinal Studies in Japan] Wagakuni No Syugakumaeyouji (4\u20135sai) Ni Okeru Hogosya Oyobi Tannninnhyoutei Ni Motozuku Roujin No Strength and Difficulties Questionnairen No Hyoujyunnka. Koseiroudoukagakukenkyuuhi hojyokinn kenkyu houkokusyo. (In Japanese)."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"638","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2020.11.098","article-title":"Childhood Conduct Problems Are Associated with Reduced White Matter Fibre Density and Morphology","volume":"281","author":"Burley","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1007\/s11065-015-9315-8","article-title":"A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Neuroimaging in Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD) and Conduct Disorder (CD) Taking Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) Into Account","volume":"26","author":"Noordermeer","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neuropsychol. Rev."}],"container-title":["Journal of Clinical Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2077-0383\/11\/3\/772\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T22:11:48Z","timestamp":1760134308000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2077-0383\/11\/3\/772"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,31]]},"references-count":15,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2]]}},"alternative-id":["jcm11030772"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm11030772","relation":{},"ISSN":["2077-0383"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2077-0383"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,31]]}}}