{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T17:09:09Z","timestamp":1792084149283,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,8]],"date-time":"2022-02-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1644278400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Bloodstream infections (BSIs) after chemotherapy or hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality. Data on 154 BSIs that occurred in 111 onco-hematological patients (57 hematological malignancies, 28 solid tumors, and 26 non-malignant hematological diseases) were retrospectively collected and analyzed. Monomicrobial Gram-positive (GP), Gram-negative (GN), and fungal BSIs accounted for 50% (77\/154), 38.3% (59\/144), and 3.2% (5\/154) of all episodes. Polymicrobial infections were 7.8% (12\/154), while mixed bacterial\u2013fungal infections were 0.6% (1\/154). The most frequent GN isolates were Escherichia coli (46.9%), followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa (21.9%), Klebsiella species (18.8%), and Enterobacter species (6.3%). Overall, 18.8% (12\/64) of GN organisms were multidrug-resistant (seven Escherichia coli, three Klebsiella pneumoniae, and two Enterobacter cloacae), whereas GP resistance to glycopeptides was observed in 1% (1\/97). Initial empirical antibiotic therapy was deemed inappropriate in 12.3% of BSIs (19\/154). The 30-day mortality was 7.1% (11\/154), while the bacteremia-attributable mortality was 3.9% (6\/154). In multivariate analysis, septic shock was significantly associated with 30-day mortality (p = 0.0001). Attentive analysis of epidemiology and continuous microbiological surveillance are essential for the appropriate treatment of bacterial infections in pediatric onco-hematological patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11030880","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,8]],"date-time":"2022-02-08T23:37:48Z","timestamp":1644363468000},"page":"880","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Characteristics and Outcomes of Bloodstream Infections in a Tertiary-Care Pediatric Hematology\u2013Oncology Unit: A 10-Year Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Davide","family":"Mattei","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Paediatric Hematology Oncology, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata, 37126 Verona, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valentina","family":"Baretta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Paediatric Hematology Oncology, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata, 37126 Verona, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2729-1007","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Annarita","family":"Mazzariol","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbiology and Virology Unit, Department of Pathology, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata di Verona, 37126 Verona, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Maccacaro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbiology and Virology Unit, Department of Pathology, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata di Verona, 37126 Verona, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rita","family":"Balter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Paediatric Hematology Oncology, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata, 37126 Verona, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ada","family":"Zaccaron","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Paediatric Hematology Oncology, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata, 37126 Verona, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elisa","family":"Bonetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Paediatric Hematology Oncology, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata, 37126 Verona, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matteo","family":"Chinello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Paediatric Hematology Oncology, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata, 37126 Verona, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Virginia","family":"Vitale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Paediatric Hematology Oncology, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata, 37126 Verona, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giulia","family":"Caddeo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Paediatric Hematology Oncology, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata, 37126 Verona, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Esposto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Paediatric Hematology Oncology, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata, 37126 Verona, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vincenza","family":"Pezzella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Paediatric Hematology Oncology, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata, 37126 Verona, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Davide","family":"Gibellini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbiology and Virology Unit, Department of Pathology, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata di Verona, 37126 Verona, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gloria","family":"Tridello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Paediatric Hematology Oncology, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata, 37126 Verona, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8698-9547","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Simone","family":"Cesaro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Paediatric Hematology Oncology, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata, 37126 Verona, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2014.11.022","article-title":"Current Epidemiology and Antimicrobial Resistance Data for Bacterial Bloodstream Infections in Patients with Hematologic Malignancies: An Italian Multicentre Prospective Survey","volume":"21","author":"Trecarichi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin. 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Agents"}],"container-title":["Journal of Clinical Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2077-0383\/11\/3\/880\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T22:15:52Z","timestamp":1760134552000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2077-0383\/11\/3\/880"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,8]]},"references-count":37,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2]]}},"alternative-id":["jcm11030880"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm11030880","relation":{},"ISSN":["2077-0383"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2077-0383","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,8]]}}}