{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,2]],"date-time":"2026-11-02T21:15:59Z","timestamp":1793654159812,"version":"4.5.1"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,9]],"date-time":"2022-02-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1644364800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background and Aim: Hemorrhage is often encountered after endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD). In addition to active bleeding after resection, exposed blood vessels and blood clots without active bleeding on the post-dissection ulcer floor have been recognized within our department. We consider exposed and\/or observable vessel findings and clots on the ulcer floor after re-section as important risk factors for hemorrhage. Here, we compared and examined the active bleeding frequency and \u201cpost-resection ulcer at risk of bleeding\u201d on the day following ESD, in relation to their risk factors. Method: We retrospectively examined 447 patients who underwent second-look endoscopy in our department between August 2008 and March 2018. Logistic regression analyses were performed to determine the hazard ratio and 95% confidence interval. We compared the association of each factor mentioned above with active bleeding on the day after ESD and the presence of ulcers at risk of bleeding after resection. Results: Our retrospective analysis revealed that the risk factors were larger ulcer sizes and the administration of antithrombotic drugs. Additionally, the risk was low for upper body lesions but high for antral lesions. Conclusion: Our results may help determine whether second-look endoscopy should be performed to minimize active bleeding after ESD, reduce postoperative complications, and improve medical safety.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11040914","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,9]],"date-time":"2022-02-09T21:22:15Z","timestamp":1644441735000},"page":"914","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Bleeding Risk Factors after Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection in Early Gastric Cancer and the Necessity of \u201cSecond-Look\u201d Endoscopic Examination on the following Day"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Rika","family":"Kobayashi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterological Endoscopy, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada 920-0293, Ishikawa, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ken","family":"Kawaura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterological Endoscopy, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada 920-0293, Ishikawa, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tohru","family":"Ito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterological Endoscopy, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada 920-0293, Ishikawa, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sadafumi","family":"Azukisawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterological Endoscopy, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada 920-0293, Ishikawa, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiroaki","family":"Kunou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterological Endoscopy, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada 920-0293, Ishikawa, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junji","family":"Kamai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterological Endoscopy, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada 920-0293, Ishikawa, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2614-0680","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kazu","family":"Hamada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterological Endoscopy, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada 920-0293, Ishikawa, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tsuyoshi","family":"Mukai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterological Endoscopy, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada 920-0293, Ishikawa, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hidekazu","family":"Kitakata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterological Endoscopy, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada 920-0293, Ishikawa, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1012-8430","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yasuhito","family":"Ishigaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Research Institute, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada 920-0293, Ishikawa, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.48.2.225","article-title":"Endo-scopic mucosal resection for treatment of early gastric cancer","volume":"48","author":"Ono","year":"2001","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.1016\/S1542-3565(05)00291-0","article-title":"Endoscopic submucosal dissection of early esophageal cancer","volume":"3","author":"Oyama","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin. 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