{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T04:08:40Z","timestamp":1792728520133,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,10]],"date-time":"2022-02-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1644451200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Eosinophilic otitis media (EOM) is a difficult-to-treat otitis media characterized by eosinophilic accumulation in the middle ear mucosa and effusion. It is resistant to conventional treatments and strongly associated with asthma and chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP). The aim of our study is to evaluate the effectiveness of biologics drugs in the control of EOM. This is a retrospective no-profit real-life observational study, involving patients affected by refractory EOM and in treatment with different biologics for concomitant severe eosinophilic asthma or severe uncontrolled CRSwNP (Dupilumab: n = 5; Omalizumab: n = 1; Mepolizumab: n = 1; Benralizumab: n = 1). We analyzed data at baseline and at the 6-month follow-up, including specific nasal and otological parameters. We observed an improvement of all nasal outcomes, including NPS, SNOT-22, VAS, and smell function. Regarding specific otological parameters, we observed a significant reduction in the mean value of COMOT-15 score and of Otitis Severity Score at 6-month follow-up compared to baseline (p &lt; 0.05). Finally, we observed an improvement in terms of air conduction hearing levels during the treatment. Our results demonstrated that anti type-2 inflammatory pathway biologics can be effective in improving symptoms control and in reducing the severity of eosinophilic otitis media when treating coexisting type-2 diseases, such as asthma and or CRSwNP.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11040926","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,11]],"date-time":"2022-02-11T02:35:51Z","timestamp":1644546951000},"page":"926","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["Efficacy of Biologics on Refractory Eosinophilic Otitis Media Associated with Bronchial Asthma or Severe Uncontrolled CRSwNP"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5761-7018","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eugenio","family":"De Corso","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Otorhinolaryngology\u2014Head and Neck Surgery, \u201cA. Gemelli\u201d Hospital Foundation IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2070-0314","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Claudio","family":"Montuori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Head and Neck and Sensory Organs, Catholic University of the Sacred Hearth, 00168 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0104-1501","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stefano","family":"Settimi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Head and Neck and Sensory Organs, Catholic University of the Sacred Hearth, 00168 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dario Antonio","family":"Mele","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Head and Neck and Sensory Organs, Catholic University of the Sacred Hearth, 00168 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessandro","family":"Cantiani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Head and Neck and Sensory Organs, Catholic University of the Sacred Hearth, 00168 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marco","family":"Corb\u00f2","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Head and Neck and Sensory Organs, Catholic University of the Sacred Hearth, 00168 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7389-2033","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elena","family":"Cantone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Otorhinolaryngology, \u201cFederico II\u201d University Hospital, University of Naples \u201cFederico II\u201d, 80131 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gaetano","family":"Paludetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Otorhinolaryngology\u2014Head and Neck Surgery, \u201cA. Gemelli\u201d Hospital Foundation IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Head and Neck and Sensory Organs, Catholic University of the Sacred Hearth, 00168 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jacopo","family":"Galli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Otorhinolaryngology\u2014Head and Neck Surgery, \u201cA. Gemelli\u201d Hospital Foundation IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Head and Neck and Sensory Organs, Catholic University of the Sacred Hearth, 00168 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anl.2010.11.016","article-title":"Diagnostic criteria of eosinophilic otitis media, a newly recognized middle ear disease","volume":"38","author":"Iino","year":"2011","journal-title":"Auris Nasus Larynx"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2649","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.29730","article-title":"Complete Remission of Severe Eosinophilic Otitis Media With Dupilumab: A Case Report","volume":"131","author":"Spronsen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"861","DOI":"10.1002\/alr.21979","article-title":"Prognostic value of nasal cytology and clinical factors in nasal polyps development in patients at risk: Can the beginning predict the end?","volume":"7","author":"Lucidi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. 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