{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T14:26:17Z","timestamp":1777472777540,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,13]],"date-time":"2022-02-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1644710400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"H2020 Research and Innovation Programme","award":["848261 (UNITI)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["848261 (UNITI)"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100018780","name":"Andalusian Health Service","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PI-0027-2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PI-0027-2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100018780","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Tinnitus is a heterogeneous condition. The aim of this study as to compare the online and hospital responses to the Spanish version of European School for Interdisciplinary Tinnitus Research screening-questionnaire (ESIT-SQ) in tinnitus individuals by an unsupervised age clustering. Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed including 434 white Spanish patients with chronic tinnitus to assess the demographic and clinical profile through the ESIT-SQ, with 204 outpatients and 230 individuals from an online survey; a K-means clustering algorithm was used to classify both responses according to age. Results: Online survey showed a high proportion of Meniere\u2019s disease (MD) patients compared to both the general population and the outpatient cohort. The responses showed statistically significant differences between groups regarding education level, tinnitus-related hearing disorders (MD, hyperacusis), sleep difficulties, dyslipidemia, and other tinnitus characteristics, including duration, type of onset, the report of mitigating factors and the use of treatments. However, these differences were partially confirmed after adjusting for age. Conclusions: Self-reported tinnitus surveys are a low confidence source for tinnitus phenotyping. Additional clinical evaluation is needed for tinnitus research to reach the diagnosis. Age-based cluster analysis might help to better define clinical profiles and to compare responses in ESIT-SQ among subgroups of patients with tinnitus.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11040978","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,13]],"date-time":"2022-02-13T21:08:43Z","timestamp":1644786523000},"page":"978","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Standardized Clinical Profiling in Spanish Patients with Chronic Tinnitus"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0806-1206","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elisheba","family":"Haro-Hernandez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Hospital Clinico Universitario San Cecilio, 18016 Granada, Spain"},{"name":"Otology & Neurotology Group CTS 495, Department of Genomic Medicine, GENYO, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research, Pfizer\/University of Granada\/Andalusian Regional Government, 18016 Granada, Spain"},{"name":"Instituto de Investigacion Biosanitaria (ibs. GRANADA), Universidad de Granada, 18012 Granada, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2722-4947","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patricia","family":"Perez-Carpena","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Otology & Neurotology Group CTS 495, Department of Genomic Medicine, GENYO, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research, Pfizer\/University of Granada\/Andalusian Regional Government, 18016 Granada, Spain"},{"name":"Instituto de Investigacion Biosanitaria (ibs. GRANADA), Universidad de Granada, 18012 Granada, Spain"},{"name":"Sensorineural Pathology Programme, Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red en Enfermedades Raras, CIBERER, 28029 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, 18014 Granada, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0086-594X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vishnu","family":"Unnikrishnan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Knowledge Management and Discovery Lab, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1828-5759","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Myra","family":"Spiliopoulou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Knowledge Management and Discovery Lab, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8583-1430","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jose","family":"Lopez-Escamez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Otology & Neurotology Group CTS 495, Department of Genomic Medicine, GENYO, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research, Pfizer\/University of Granada\/Andalusian Regional Government, 18016 Granada, Spain"},{"name":"Instituto de Investigacion Biosanitaria (ibs. GRANADA), Universidad de Granada, 18012 Granada, Spain"},{"name":"Sensorineural Pathology Programme, Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red en Enfermedades Raras, CIBERER, 28029 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, 18014 Granada, Spain"},{"name":"Division of Otolaryngology, Department of Surgery, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Snow, J. (2004). Epidemiology of tinnitus. Tinnitus: Theory and Management, BC Decker."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1016\/S0030-6665(02)00160-3","article-title":"Classification and epidemiology of tinnitus","volume":"36","author":"Heller","year":"2003","journal-title":"Otolaryngol. Clin. N. 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