{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,6]],"date-time":"2026-11-06T00:15:09Z","timestamp":1793924109251,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,15]],"date-time":"2022-02-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1644883200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"King Gustav V:s 80-year foundation","award":["FAI-2016-0273"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FAI-2016-0273"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004359","name":"Swedish Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2017-01696"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017-01696"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004359","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007949","name":"Swedish Rheumatism Association","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R-940746"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R-940746"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007949","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Professor Nanna Svartz\u2019s foundation","award":["not available"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["not available"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000072","name":"National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DE 023207"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DE 023207"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000072","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004281","name":"National Science Center","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2018\/30\/A\/NZ5\/00650"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018\/30\/A\/NZ5\/00650"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004281","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"V\u00e4sterbotten County","award":["VLL-645361"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["VLL-645361"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>There is accumulating data suggesting that periodontitis is associated with increased risk of systemic and autoimmune diseases, including cardiovascular disease, rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and there is an unmet need to identify these individuals early. With the periodontal bacteria Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg) as one of the key drivers of periodontitis, we set out to investigate whether antibodies to Pg virulence factor arginine gingipain (Rgp) could serve as a biomarker for periodontitis patients at increased risk of autoimmunity and systemic disease. We measured serum anti-Rgp IgG in three study populations: PAROKRANK (779 individuals with myocardial infarction (MI); 719 controls), where 557 had periodontitis, and 312 were positive for autoantibodies associated with RA\/SLE; the PerioGene North pilot (41 periodontitis; 39 controls); and an SLE case\/control study (101 SLE; 100 controls). Anti-Rgp IgG levels were increased in severe periodontitis compared to controls (p &lt; 0.0001), in individuals positive for anti-citrullinated protein antibodies (p = 0.04) and anti-dsDNA antibodies (p = 0.035), compared to autoantibody-negative individuals; and in MI patients versus matched controls (p = 0.035). Our data support longitudinal studies addressing the role of anti-Rgp antibodies as biomarkers for periodontitis patients at increased risk of developing autoimmunity linked to RA and SLE, and mechanisms underpinning these associations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11041008","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,15]],"date-time":"2022-02-15T22:44:47Z","timestamp":1644965087000},"page":"1008","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Antibodies to Porphyromonas gingivalis Are Increased in Patients with Severe Periodontitis, and Associate with Presence of Specific Autoantibodies and Myocardial Infarction"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4513-4128","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Charlotte","family":"de Vries","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet and Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guillermo","family":"Ruacho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet and Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden"},{"name":"Public Dental Services, Folktandv\u00e5rden Stockholms L\u00e4n AB, 113 82 Stockholm, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2448-4049","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elin","family":"Kindstedt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet and Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden"},{"name":"Section for Molecular Periodontology, Department of Odontology, Ume\u00e5 University, 901 85 Ume\u00e5, Sweden"},{"name":"Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine, Ume\u00e5 University, 901 87 Ume\u00e5, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Barbara Aleksandra","family":"Potempa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Immunology & Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA"},{"name":"Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Krakow, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jan","family":"Potempa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Immunology & Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA"},{"name":"Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Krakow, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bj\u00f6rn","family":"Klinge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Oral Diseases, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Odontology, Malm\u00f6 University, 205 06 Malm\u00f6, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pernilla","family":"Lundberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section for Molecular Periodontology, Department of Odontology, Ume\u00e5 University, 901 85 Ume\u00e5, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elisabet","family":"Svenungsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet and Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7625-964X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karin","family":"Lundberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet and Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.it.2013.09.001","article-title":"Immunomicrobial pathogenesis of periodontitis: Keystones, pathobionts, and host response","volume":"35","author":"Hajishengallis","year":"2014","journal-title":"Trends Immunol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"508","DOI":"10.1002\/art.40394","article-title":"Association Between Marginal Jawbone Loss and Onset of Rheumatoid 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