{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T10:54:52Z","timestamp":1788864892932,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,16]],"date-time":"2022-02-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1644969600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>We investigated the complications and frequency of hook plate fixation in patients with shoulder trauma. We reviewed 216 cases of hook plate fixation use at our hospital between January 2010 and May 2020. Finally, we included 76 cases of acute distal clavicle fracture (DCF) and 84 cases of acute acromioclavicular joint dislocation (ACD). We investigated all complications after hook plate use, bony union in the DCF group, and reduction loss in the ACD group. We defined painful shoulder stiffness (PSS) as aggravating resting pain with stiff shoulder, and pain on shoulder elevation (PSE) as continued shoulder pain on elevation without PSS before plate removal. PSS was managed with intra-articular steroid injections or manipulation with or without arthroscopic capsular release (ACR). PSS occurred in 36 and 33 cases of DCF and ACD, respectively. PSE occurred in 17 of 76 fractures and 13 of 84 dislocations. However, no iatrogenic rotator cuff injury was verified by magnetic resonance imaging in patients with PSS or PSE. Subacromial erosion in patients with hook plate fixation should be considered a sequela and not a complication because it is unavoidable in surgery with an AO-type hook plate. The most common complication was PSS, followed by PSE.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11041026","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,16]],"date-time":"2022-02-16T21:36:24Z","timestamp":1645047384000},"page":"1026","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Complications and Frequency of Surgical Treatment with AO-Type Hook Plate in Shoulder Trauma: A Retrospective Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Seung-Jin","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital, Seoul 05355, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tae-Won","family":"Eom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital, Seoul 05355, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoon-Suk","family":"Hyun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital, Seoul 05355, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.4055\/cios20010","article-title":"Current Concepts for Classification and Treatment of Distal Clavicle Fractures","volume":"12","author":"Kim","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin. Orthop. Surg."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546506298022","article-title":"Evaluation and treatment of acromioclavicular joint injuries","volume":"35","author":"Mazzocca","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am. J. Sports Med."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1097\/00005373-196303000-00001","article-title":"Fracture of the distal clavicle with detachment of the coracoclavicular ligaments in adults","volume":"3","author":"Neer","year":"1963","journal-title":"J. Trauma"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2191","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2021.01.016","article-title":"A relook at the reliability of Rockwood classification for acromioclavicular joint injuries","volume":"30","author":"Lau","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Shoulder Elb. Surg."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1007\/s00402-010-1196-y","article-title":"Treatment of distal clavicle fracture: A systematic review of treatment modalities in 425 fractures","volume":"131","author":"Oh","year":"2011","journal-title":"Arch. Orthop. Trauma. Surg."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2006.10.009","article-title":"Acromioclavicular reconstruction using autogenous semitendinosus tendon graft: Results of revision surgery in chronic cases","volume":"16","author":"Tauber","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Shoulder Elb. Surg."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1401","DOI":"10.1007\/s00264-008-0696-7","article-title":"Comparison of the efficacy of hook plate versus tension band wire in the treatment of unstable fractures of the distal clavicle","volume":"33","author":"Lee","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int. Orthop."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liu, H.H., Chou, Y.J., Chen, C.H., Chia, W.T., and Wong, C.Y. (2010). Surgical treatment of acute acromioclavicular joint injuries using a modified Weaver-Dunn procedure and clavicular hook plate. Orthopedics, 33.","DOI":"10.3928\/01477447-20100625-10"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.4055\/cios.2015.7.1.97","article-title":"Comparison of results between hook plate fixation and ligament reconstruction for acute unstable acromioclavicular joint dislocation","volume":"7","author":"Yoon","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin. Orthop. Surg."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2012.03.003","article-title":"Acute surgical treatment of acromioclavicular dislocation type V with a hook plate: Superiority to late reconstruction","volume":"22","author":"Ekelund","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Shoulder Elb. Surg."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1045","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2011.07.020","article-title":"Clavicle hook plate fixation for displaced lateral-third clavicle fractures (Neer type II): A functional outcome study","volume":"21","author":"Good","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Shoulder Elb. Surg."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1007\/s00590-013-1186-1","article-title":"Acromio-clavicular repair using two different techniques","volume":"24","author":"Andreani","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur. J. Orthop. Surg. Traumatol."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.5397\/cise.2018.21.2.95","article-title":"Clinical and Radiological Results of Hook Plate Fixation in Acute Acromioclavicular Joint Dislocations and Distal Clavicle Fractures","volume":"21","author":"Oh","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin. Shoulder Elb."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1007\/s00402-006-0284-5","article-title":"Use of the AO hook-plate for treatment of unstable fractures of the distal clavicle","volume":"127","author":"Muramatsu","year":"2007","journal-title":"Arch. Orthop. Trauma Surg."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"985","DOI":"10.1007\/s00402-013-1748-z","article-title":"Management of acute acromioclavicular joint dislocations: Current concepts","volume":"133","author":"Tauber","year":"2013","journal-title":"Arch. Orthop. Trauma Surg."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2009.12.012","article-title":"Subacromial morphometric assessment of the clavicle hook plate","volume":"41","author":"ElMaraghy","year":"2010","journal-title":"Injury"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2005.10.017","article-title":"Clavicular hook plate for lateral end fractures:- a prospective study","volume":"37","author":"Meda","year":"2006","journal-title":"Injury"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1186\/1749-799X-9-6","article-title":"Clavicular hook plate may induce subacromial shoulder impingement and rotator cuff lesion--dynamic sonographic evaluation","volume":"9","author":"Lin","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Orthop. Surg. Res."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1186\/1749-799X-7-2","article-title":"Hook plate fixation of acute displaced lateral clavicle fractures: Mid-term results and a brief literature overview","volume":"7","author":"Tiren","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Orthop. Surg. Res."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.5397\/cise.2014.17.4.159","article-title":"Clinical and Radiologic Outcomes of Acute Acromioclavicular Joint Dislocation: Comparison of Kirschner\u2019s Wire Transfixation and Locking Hook Plate Fixation","volume":"17","author":"Rhee","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin. Shoulder Elb."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.5397\/cise.2018.21.2.57","article-title":"Are Hook Plate Complications Inevitable?","volume":"21","author":"Song","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin. Shoulder Elb."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1007\/s00402-011-1399-x","article-title":"Hook plate fixation for acromioclavicular joint separations restores coracoclavicular distance more accurately than PDS augmentation, however presents with a high rate of acromial osteolysis","volume":"132","author":"Eschler","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arch. Orthop. Trauma Surg."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aott.2016.08.012","article-title":"Clinical and radiological results on the fixation of Neer type 2 distal clavicle fractures with a hook plate","volume":"50","author":"Sukur","year":"2016","journal-title":"Acta Orthop. Traumatol. Turc."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1007\/s00264-005-0019-1","article-title":"Fractures of the distal third of the clavicle treated by hook plating","volume":"30","author":"Tambe","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int. Orthop."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.5397\/CiSE.2011.14.1.006","article-title":"Hook Plate Fixation for Unstable Distal Clavicle Fractures: A Prospective Study","volume":"14","author":"Kim","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Korean Shoulder Elb. Soc."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1097\/BOT.0000000000001481","article-title":"Hook Plate Fixation for Acute Unstable Distal Clavicle Fracture: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis","volume":"33","author":"Asadollahi","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Orthop. Trauma"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.5397\/cise.2016.19.1.25","article-title":"A Novel Fluoroscopic View for Positioning the AO Clavicle Hook Plate Decreases Its Associated in situ Complications","volume":"19","author":"Hyun","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin. Shoulder Elb."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1191","DOI":"10.3928\/01477447-20120725-18","article-title":"Clinical results of treatment using a clavicular hook plate versus a T-plate in neer type II distal clavicle fractures","volume":"35","author":"Tan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Orthopedics"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1663","DOI":"10.1007\/s00264-016-3384-z","article-title":"Biomechanical analysis of clavicle hook plate implantation with different hook angles in the acromioclavicular joint","volume":"41","author":"Hung","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. Orthop."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.5397\/cise.2021.00423","article-title":"Clinical outcomes of bending versus non-bending of the plate hook in acromioclavicular joint dislocation","volume":"24","author":"Joo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin. Shoulder Elb."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4547","DOI":"10.1177\/0300060518786910","article-title":"Fifteen-degree clavicular hook plate achieves better clinical outcomes in the treatment of acromioclavicular joint dislocation","volume":"46","author":"Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Int. Med. Res."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.4103\/1658-631X.149679","article-title":"Clinical outcomes of hook-plate fixation in the treatment of unstable distal clavicular fractures and acromioclavicular joint dislocations","volume":"3","author":"Alhamam","year":"2015","journal-title":"Saudi J. Med. Med. Sci."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2011.04.002","article-title":"The use of hook plate in type III and V acromio-clavicular Rockwood dislocations: Clinical and radiological midterm results and MRI evaluation in 42 patients","volume":"43","author":"Zoccali","year":"2012","journal-title":"Injury"},{"key":"ref_34","first-page":"518","article-title":"Proposed classification of complications of surgery with examples of utility in cholecystectomy","volume":"111","author":"Clavien","year":"1992","journal-title":"Surgery"},{"key":"ref_35","first-page":"134","article-title":"Repair of complete acromioclavicular separations using the acromioclavicular-hook plate","volume":"1995","author":"Sim","year":"1995","journal-title":"Clin. Orthop. Relat. Res."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kim, J.Y., Rhee, S.M., Ko, Y.W., and Rhee, Y.G. (2021). Subacromial Erosion after Hook Plate Fixation in Acute Acromioclavicular Joint Dislocation. J. Orthop. Trauma.","DOI":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-125960\/v1"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1106","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2014.12.012","article-title":"In vivo analysis of acromioclavicular joint motion after hook plate fixation using three-dimensional computed tomography","volume":"24","author":"Kim","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Shoulder Elb. Surg."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"570","DOI":"10.1097\/BOT.0b013e318193d878","article-title":"The clavicle hook plate for Neer type II lateral clavicle fractures","volume":"23","author":"Renger","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Orthop. Trauma"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"468","DOI":"10.1007\/s00068-006-6012-6","article-title":"Treatment of Displaced Lateral Clavicle Fractures with the AO Hook Plate","volume":"32","author":"Bhangal","year":"2006","journal-title":"Eur. J. Trauma"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1007\/s00068-006-6028-y","article-title":"The Clavicular Hook Plate: Consequences in Three Cases","volume":"33","author":"Chandrasenan","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eur. J. Trauma Emerg. Surg."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1210","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2016.11.046","article-title":"Clavicle hook plate fixation for distal-third clavicle fracture (Neer type II): Comparison of clinical and radiologic outcomes between Neer types IIA and IIB","volume":"26","author":"Lee","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Shoulder Elb. Surg."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1097\/01.blo.0000203469.66055.6a","article-title":"Surgical treatment of distal clavicle fractures using the clavicular hook plate","volume":"447","author":"Kashii","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin. Orthop. Relat. Res."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2009.12.005","article-title":"Acromion osteolysis and fracture after hook plate fixation for acromioclavicular joint dislocation: A case report","volume":"19","author":"Chiang","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Shoulder Elb. Surg."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1186\/2047-783X-16-2-52","article-title":"Mid-term results after operative treatment of rockwood grade III-V acromioclavicular joint dislocations with an AC-hook-plate","volume":"16","author":"Kienast","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur. J. Med. Res."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"980","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-016-3987-3","article-title":"Morphological analysis of acromion and hook plate for the fixation of acromioclavicular joint dislocation","volume":"25","author":"Yoon","year":"2017","journal-title":"Knee Surg. Sports Traumatol. Arthrosc."}],"container-title":["Journal of Clinical Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2077-0383\/11\/4\/1026\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T22:20:59Z","timestamp":1760134859000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2077-0383\/11\/4\/1026"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,16]]},"references-count":45,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2]]}},"alternative-id":["jcm11041026"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm11041026","relation":{},"ISSN":["2077-0383"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2077-0383","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,16]]}}}