{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T09:24:30Z","timestamp":1790501070825,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,16]],"date-time":"2022-02-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1644969600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Objectives: To describe the impact of cumulative glucocorticoid (GC) doses on related adverse events (AEs) in giant cell arteritis (GCA) in a real-life setting. Methods: The medical charts of the last 139 consecutive GCA patients followed in a tertiary centre were retrospectively analysed. The cumulative GC doses were calculated, and the main GC-related AEs were collected during the follow-up. Results: After a median follow-up duration of 35.6 (2\u2013111) months, the median cumulative GC dose in the 139 patients was 9184 (1770\u201324,640) mg, and 131 patients (94%) presented at least one GC-related AE. Infections (63%) were the most frequently reported GC-related AE, followed by metabolic events (63%), including weight gain in 51% of them. Cardiovascular and neuropsychiatric events occurred in 51% and 47% of patients, respectively. Osteoporotic fractures, muscular involvement, digestive events, geriatric deterioration, skin fragility, ophthalmologic complications and hypokalaemia were reported in &lt;35% of patients. Cardiovascular events (p = 0.01), osteoporotic fractures (p = 0.004), cataract occurrence (p = 0.03), weight gain (p = 0.04) and infections (p = 0.01) were significantly associated with GC cumulative doses &gt; 9 g. Longer GC durations were associated with cataract occurrence (p = 0.01), weight gain (p = 0.03) and all-grade infections (p = 0.048), especially herpes zoster occurrence (p = 0.003). Neuropsychiatric and metabolic events appeared within the first months after GC introduction, whereas herpes zoster recurred, and most cardiovascular AEs emerged after 1 year. Geriatric events, especially osteoporotic fractures, occurred 2 years after GC introduction. Conclusion: This study highlights how frequent GC-related AEs are and the impact of prolonged GC and cumulative doses.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11041034","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,16]],"date-time":"2022-02-16T21:36:24Z","timestamp":1645047384000},"page":"1034","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Impact of Glucocorticoid Cumulative Doses in a Real-Life Cohort of Patients Affected by Giant Cell Arteritis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Paul","family":"Castan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Caen University Hospital, Avenue de la C\u00f4te de Nacre, 14000 Caen, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anael","family":"Dumont","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Caen University Hospital, Avenue de la C\u00f4te de Nacre, 14000 Caen, France"},{"name":"UFR de Sant\u00e9, Caen University-Normandie, 14000 Caen, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8887-3233","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Samuel","family":"Deshayes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Caen University Hospital, Avenue de la C\u00f4te de Nacre, 14000 Caen, France"},{"name":"UFR de Sant\u00e9, Caen University-Normandie, 14000 Caen, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonathan","family":"Boutemy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Caen University Hospital, Avenue de la C\u00f4te de Nacre, 14000 Caen, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicolas","family":"Martin Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Caen University Hospital, Avenue de la C\u00f4te de Nacre, 14000 Caen, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gw\u00e9nola","family":"Maign\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Caen University Hospital, Avenue de la C\u00f4te de Nacre, 14000 Caen, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexandre","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Caen University Hospital, Avenue de la C\u00f4te de Nacre, 14000 Caen, France"},{"name":"UFR de Sant\u00e9, Caen University-Normandie, 14000 Caen, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sophie","family":"Gallou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Caen University Hospital, Avenue de la C\u00f4te de Nacre, 14000 Caen, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Audrey","family":"Sultan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Caen University Hospital, Avenue de la C\u00f4te de Nacre, 14000 Caen, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Achille","family":"Aouba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Caen University Hospital, Avenue de la C\u00f4te de Nacre, 14000 Caen, France"},{"name":"UFR de Sant\u00e9, Caen University-Normandie, 14000 Caen, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hubert","family":"de Boysson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Caen University Hospital, Avenue de la C\u00f4te de Nacre, 14000 Caen, France"},{"name":"UFR de Sant\u00e9, Caen University-Normandie, 14000 Caen, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1002\/art.37715","article-title":"2012 revised international Chapel Hill consensus conference nomenclature of vasculitides","volume":"65","author":"Jennette","year":"2013","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1071","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.24632","article-title":"2021 American college of rheumatology\/vasculitis foundation guideline for the management of giant cell arteritis and Takayasu arteritis","volume":"73","author":"Maz","year":"2021","journal-title":"Arthritis Care Res."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1016\/j.revmed.2015.12.015","article-title":"Management of giant cell arteritis: Recommendations of the French study group for large vessel vasculitis (GEFA)","volume":"37","author":"Bienvenu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Rev. 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