{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T01:41:01Z","timestamp":1792633261087,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,18]],"date-time":"2022-02-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1645142400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010372","name":"Rotterdamse Stichting Blindenbelangen","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HV\/AB\/ B20210035"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HV\/AB\/ B20210035"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010372","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: The aim of this study was to describe the ophthalmic abnormalities and their prevalence in craniosynostosis prior to craniofacial surgery. Methods: A systematic search was conducted on Medline OVID, Embase, Cochrane, Google Scholar, Web of Science Core Collection. Inclusion criteria were English papers, children aged &lt;18 years with non-syndromic and syndromic craniosynostosis, case reports, case series, and case-control studies. A system of domains was established consisting of an anatomic and functional ophthalmic domain. A meta-analysis of single proportions was carried out using random effects model and pooled mean proportions with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated. Results: Thirty-two papers analyzing 2027 patients were included. Strabismus was the most common anomaly in non-syndromic craniosynostosis: Horizontal strabismus was highest prevalent in unicoronal craniosynostosis (UCS) 19% (95% CI 9\u201332), followed by vertical strabismus 17% (95% CI 5\u201333). In syndromic craniosynostosis, horizontal strabismus was most prevalent in Crouzon syndrome 52% (95 CI 26\u201376), followed by Apert syndrome 50% (95% CI 42\u201358). Vertical strabismus was most prevalent in Saethre-Chotzen 60% followed by Muenke\u2019s syndrome 36%. Furthermore, astigmatism was the second most reported outcome in non-syndromic craniosynostosis and highest prevalent in UCS 35% (95% CI 21\u201351). In syndromic craniosynostosis, astigmatism was most frequently seen in Crouzon syndrome 43% (95% CI 22\u201365), followed by Apert syndrome 34% (95% CI 14\u201358). Moreover, in syndromic craniosynostosis, 5\u201340% had a decrease in visual acuity (VA) \u2264 0.3 LogMAR in the better eye and 11\u201365% had a VA \u2264 0.3 LogMAR in at least one eye. Discussion: This review demonstrates the high prevalence of ocular anomalies in non-syndromic and syndromic craniosynostosis. A multidisciplinary and systematic approach is needed for the screening and optimal treatment of these conditions in a timely manner.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11041060","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,21]],"date-time":"2022-02-21T08:22:19Z","timestamp":1645431739000},"page":"1060","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":46,"title":["Prevalence of Ocular Anomalies in Craniosynostosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3539-2716","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Parinaz","family":"Rostamzad","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zehra","family":"Arslan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Irene","family":"Mathijssen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maarten","family":"Koudstaal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mieke","family":"Pleumeekers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Versnel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sjoukje","family":"Loudon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"984","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.a.32208","article-title":"A population-based study of craniosynostosis in metropolitan atlanta, 1989\u20132003","volume":"146A","author":"Boulet","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am. 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