{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,30]],"date-time":"2026-05-30T12:20:48Z","timestamp":1780143648483,"version":"3.54.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,19]],"date-time":"2022-02-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1645228800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The emergence of multidrug-resistant organisms (MDROs) is a growing problem worldwide. However, little is known about the incidence, clinical features and outcomes of pyogenic liver abscesses (PLAs) caused by MDROs. A retrospective study of 833 patients with PLA admitted from 2008 to 2017 was performed. MDROs were found in 55 (6.6%) patients, and extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Enterobacteriaceae was the most common causative microorganism. To evaluate the clinical features of and risk factors for MDRO-induced PLAs, propensity score matching (PSM) was performed in a 1:3 ratio (55 patients with MDROs and 165 patients without MDROs). After PSM, previous hepatobiliary procedure, preadmission exposure to antibiotics and elevated alkaline phosphatase levels were independent risk factors for MDRO-induced PLA. Sixteen patients (7.3%) died during hospitalization. Admission to intensive care unit (ICU), inadequate initial antibiotic treatment and use of inotropic agents were factors predictive of mortality. Although the presence of MDROs was not associated with in-hospital mortality, inadequate initial antibiotic treatment was prescribed to a large portion of the patients with MDRO-induced PLAs. We conclude that initial empirical antibiotic therapy for PLA should be based on the possibility of infection with MDROs, and close monitoring is necessary for patients with risk factors for in-hospital mortality.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11041114","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,21]],"date-time":"2022-02-21T08:22:19Z","timestamp":1645431739000},"page":"1114","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["A Multicenter Retrospective Study on Clinical Characteristics and Outcome of Pyogenic Liver Abscess Focusing Multidrug-Resistant Organisms"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5884-9993","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ji-Won","family":"Park","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital of Hallym University Medical Center, 22, Gwanpyeong-ro 170 Beon-gil, Anyang-si 14068, Korea"},{"name":"Institute for Liver and Digestive Diseases, Hallym University, Chuncheon-si 24252, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5435-6166","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jung-Hee","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Dongtan Sacred Heart Hospital of Hallym University Medical Center, Hwaseong-si 18450, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7875-2868","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jang-Han","family":"Jung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Dongtan Sacred Heart Hospital of Hallym University Medical Center, Hwaseong-si 18450, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6236-780X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sung-Eun","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital of Hallym University Medical Center, 22, Gwanpyeong-ro 170 Beon-gil, Anyang-si 14068, Korea"},{"name":"Institute for Liver and Digestive Diseases, Hallym University, Chuncheon-si 24252, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hyoung-Su","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Liver and Digestive Diseases, Hallym University, Chuncheon-si 24252, Korea"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital of Hallym University Medical Center, 18, Cheonho-daero 173-gil, Seoul 05355, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haemin","family":"Jeong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital of Hallym University Medical Center, 77, Chuncheon-si 24253, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ki Tae","family":"Suk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Liver and Digestive Diseases, Hallym University, Chuncheon-si 24252, Korea"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital of Hallym University Medical Center, 77, Chuncheon-si 24253, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Myoung-Kuk","family":"Jang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Liver and Digestive Diseases, Hallym University, Chuncheon-si 24252, Korea"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital of Hallym University Medical Center, 18, Cheonho-daero 173-gil, Seoul 05355, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dong-Joon","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Liver and Digestive Diseases, Hallym University, Chuncheon-si 24252, Korea"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital of Hallym University Medical Center, 77, Chuncheon-si 24253, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Myung-Seok","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital of Hallym University Medical Center, 1, Singil-ro, Seoul 07441, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sang-Hoon","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital of Hallym University Medical Center, 1, Singil-ro, Seoul 07441, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9610(73)90010-X","article-title":"Intra-abdominal abscesses","volume":"125","author":"Altemeier","year":"1973","journal-title":"Am. 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