{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T02:54:58Z","timestamp":1760151298792,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,19]],"date-time":"2022-02-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1645228800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Knowledge about neurodynamic functions of the nervous system (NS) in patients with idiopathic scoliosis (IS) is limited. This study aimed to assess the mechanosensitivity of the NS structures (MNS) in adolescents with IS. The study included 69 adolescents with IS and 57 healthy peers aged 10\u201315 years. The Upper Limb Neurodynamic Test 1 (ULNT1), straight leg raise (SLR) test, and slump test (SLUMP) were used to assess MNS. The spinal curvatures in the sagittal plane and selected ranges of motion were measured. The data were analysed using the Mann\u2013Whitney U test and Spearman\u2019s rank correlation. Increased MNS assessed by ULNT1 and SLUMP tests was observed in participants with IS. Values of the neurodynamic tests correlated significantly with the sagittal profile of the spine and the mobility of the spine and lower limbs in both groups. In conclusion, increased MNS occurs in adolescents with IS. Therefore, the examination of adolescents with IS should include an assessment of MNS with the neurodynamic tests. Future studies should investigate this issue to better understand the mechanisms that coexist with IS.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11041115","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,21]],"date-time":"2022-02-21T08:22:19Z","timestamp":1645431739000},"page":"1115","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Neurodynamic Functions and Their Correlations with Postural Parameters in Adolescents with Idiopathic Scoliosis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Agnieszka","family":"St\u0119pie\u0144","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation, J\u00f3zef Pi\u0142sudski University of Physical Education, 00-968 Warsaw, Poland"},{"name":"ORTHOS Functional Rehabilitation Centre, 02-793 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Beata","family":"Pa\u0142dyna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ORTHOS Functional Rehabilitation Centre, 02-793 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Schl\u00f6sser, T.P.C., van der Heijden, G.J.M.G., Versteeg, A.L., and Castelein, R.M. (2014). How \u2018Idiopathic\u2019 Is Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis? A Systematic Review on Associated Abnormalities. PLoS ONE, 9.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0097461"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1186\/s13013-017-0145-8","article-title":"2016 SOSORT Guidelines: Orthopaedic and Rehabilitation Treatment of Idiopathic Scoliosis during Growth","volume":"13","author":"Negrini","year":"2018","journal-title":"Scoliosis Spinal Disord."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shacklock, M. (2005). Clinical Neurodynamics: A New System of Neuromusculoskeletal Treatment, Elsevier. [1st ed.].","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-7506-5456-2.50006-8"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1080\/10669817.2021.2001736","article-title":"Neurodynamics: Is Tension Contentious?","volume":"30","author":"Ellis","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Man. Manip. Ther."},{"key":"ref_5","unstructured":"Butler, D.S. (2005). The Neurodynamic Techniques DVD and Handbook, NOI Group Publications."},{"key":"ref_6","first-page":"164","article-title":"Electromyographic and Clinical Evaluation of the Efficacy of Neuromobilization in Patients with Low Back Pain","volume":"11","author":"Dwornik","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ortop. Traumatol. Rehabil."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.2519\/jospt.2017.7117","article-title":"The Effectiveness of Neural Mobilization for Neuromusculoskeletal Conditions: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","volume":"47","author":"Basson","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Orthop. Sports Phys. Ther."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/S0268-0033(99)00042-X","article-title":"Upper Limb Tension Tests as Tools in the Diagnosis of Nerve and Plexus Lesions. Anatomical and Biomechanical Aspects","volume":"15","author":"Kleinrensink","year":"2000","journal-title":"Clin. Biomech."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1054\/math.2001.0406","article-title":"Pain and Muscular Responses to a Neural Tissue Provocation Test in the Upper Limb","volume":"6","author":"Allison","year":"2001","journal-title":"Man. Ther."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1097\/RHU.0b013e31816b2f99","article-title":"The Sensitivity and Specificity of the Slump and the Straight Leg Raising Tests in Patients with Lumbar Disc Herniation","volume":"14","author":"Majlesi","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Clin. Rheumatol."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"780","DOI":"10.2519\/jospt.2009.3002","article-title":"Mechanosensitivity of the Lower Extremity Nervous System during Straight-Leg Raise Neurodynamic Testing in Healthy Individuals","volume":"39","author":"Boyd","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Orthop. Sports Phys. Ther."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmpt.2009.02.006","article-title":"Agreement and Correlation between the Straight Leg Raise and Slump Tests in Subjects with Leg Pain","volume":"32","author":"Walsh","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Manip. Physiol. Ther."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2210","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2012.04.020","article-title":"Fingertip-to-Floor Test and Straight Leg Raising Test: Validity, Responsiveness, and Predictive Value in Patients with Acute\/Subacute Low Back Pain","volume":"93","author":"Ekedahl","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arch. Phys. Med. Rehabil."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1179\/jmt.1993.1.3.95","article-title":"The Upper Limb Tension Test: Inter-Tester Reliability for Assessing the Onset of Passive Resistance R 1","volume":"1","author":"Hines","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Man. Manip. Ther."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmpt.2010.03.003","article-title":"The Upper Limb Neurodynamic Test 1: Intra- and Intertester Reliability and the Effect of Several Repetitions on Pain and Resistance","volume":"33","author":"Vanti","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Manip. Physiol. Ther."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1016\/j.math.2010.05.009","article-title":"A Study to Explore the Reliability and Precision of Intra and Inter-Rater Measures of ULNT1 on an Asymptomatic Population","volume":"16","author":"Oliver","year":"2011","journal-title":"Man. Ther."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/S0004-9514(14)60499-2","article-title":"The Inter-Therapist Reliability of the Slump Test","volume":"35","author":"Philip","year":"1989","journal-title":"Aust. J. Physiother."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E85","DOI":"10.1179\/jmt.2007.15.4.85E","article-title":"Reliability and Measurement Error of Active Knee Extension Range of Motion in a Modified Slump Test Position: A Pilot Study","volume":"15","author":"Tucker","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Man. Manip. Ther."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2714","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-200112150-00018","article-title":"Reliability of the Lumbar Flexion, Lumbar Extension, and Passive Straight Leg Raise Test in Normal Populations Embedded within a Complete Physical Examination","volume":"26","author":"Hunt","year":"2001","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1111\/dmcn.12797","article-title":"Reliability and Practicability of the Straight Leg Raise Test in Children with Cerebral Palsy","volume":"58","author":"Marsico","year":"2016","journal-title":"Dev. Med. Child. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1016\/j.math.2006.06.004","article-title":"Neurodynamic Responses in Children with Migraine or Cervicogenic Headache versus a Control Group. A Comparative Study","volume":"12","author":"Schouten","year":"2007","journal-title":"Man. Ther."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-010-1657-6","article-title":"Back Pain in Adolescents with Idiopathic Scoliosis: Epidemiological Study for 43,630 Pupils in Niigata City, Japan","volume":"20","author":"Sato","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur. Spine J."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/674354","article-title":"Prevalence and Management of Back Pain in Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis Patients: A Retrospective Study","volume":"20","author":"Fortin","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pain Res. Manag."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"676","DOI":"10.1097\/CORR.0000000000000569","article-title":"How Common Is Back Pain and What Biopsychosocial Factors Are Associated With Back Pain in Patients With Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis?","volume":"477","author":"Wong","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin. Orthop. Relat. Res."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1959","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-020-06489-2","article-title":"Back Pain in Adolescents with Idiopathic Scoliosis: The Contribution of Morphological and Psychological Factors","volume":"29","author":"Teles","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur. Spine J."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1186\/s13013-016-0086-7","article-title":"Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis and Back Pain","volume":"11","year":"2016","journal-title":"Scoliosis Spinal Disord."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1186\/1748-7161-1-4","article-title":"Why Do We Treat Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis? What We Want to Obtain and to Avoid for Our Patients. SOSORT 2005 Consensus Paper","volume":"1","author":"Negrini","year":"2006","journal-title":"Scoliosis"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"C\u00f4t\u00e9, P., Kreitz, B.G., Cassidy, J.D., Dzus, A.K., and Martel, J. (1998). A Study of the Diagnostic Accuracy and Reliability of the Scoliometer and Adam\u2019s Forward Bend Test. Spine, 23.","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199804010-00011"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1186\/1748-7161-1-19","article-title":"Study of Trunk Asymmetry in Normal Children and Adolescents","volume":"1","author":"Grivas","year":"2006","journal-title":"Scoliosis"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.2478\/rehab-2014-0008","article-title":"The Plurimetric Assessment Of Spinal Curvature Changes In The Sagittal Plane In Children And Youths, Measured During 10 Years\u2019 Observation","volume":"27","author":"Czernicki","year":"2013","journal-title":"Adv. Rehabil."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1186\/s13013-017-0146-7","article-title":"Two-Dimensional Digital Photography for Child Body Posture Evaluation: Standardized Technique, Reliable Parameters and Normative Data for Age 7\u201310 Years","volume":"12","author":"Stolinski","year":"2017","journal-title":"Scoliosis Spinal Disord"},{"key":"ref_32","unstructured":"Norkin, C.C., and White, D.J. (2016). Measurement of Joint Motion: A Guide to Goniometry, F.A. Davis Company. [5th ed.]."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"St\u0119pie\u0144, A., J\u0119drzejowska, M., Guzek, K., Rekowski, W., and St\u0119powska, J. (2019). Reliability of Four Tests to Assess Body Posture and the Range of Selected Movements in Individuals with Spinal Muscular Atrophy. BMC Musculoskelet Disord., 20.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-018-2389-8"},{"key":"ref_34","first-page":"27","article-title":"Assessment of the Lumbo-Pelvic-Hip Complex Mobility with the Trunk-Pelvis-Hip Angle Test: Intraobserver Reliability and Differences in Ranges of Motion between Girls with Idiopathic Scoliosis and Their Healthy Counterparts","volume":"30","author":"Guzek","year":"2020","journal-title":"Adv. Rehabil."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1186\/s13013-017-0132-0","article-title":"An Immediate Effect of PNF Specific Mobilization on the Angle of Trunk Rotation and the Trunk-Pelvis-Hip Angle Range of Motion in Adolescent Girls with Double Idiopathic Scoliosis-a Pilot Study","volume":"12","author":"Fabian","year":"2017","journal-title":"Scoliosis Spinal Disord."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1566","DOI":"10.1053\/apmr.2001.26064","article-title":"Validity, Reliability, and Responsiveness of the Fingertip-to-Floor Test","volume":"82","author":"Perret","year":"2001","journal-title":"Arch. Phys. Med. Rehabil."},{"key":"ref_37","first-page":"69","article-title":"Statistics Corner: A Guide to Appropriate Use of Correlation Coefficient in Medical Research","volume":"24","author":"Mukaka","year":"2012","journal-title":"Malawi Med. J."},{"key":"ref_38","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2022). Adolescent Health, World Health Organization."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1177\/0976343020170109","article-title":"Differential Onset of Puberty and Adolescence among Girls and Boys of a Central Indian Town (Sagar)","volume":"17","author":"Thakur","year":"2017","journal-title":"Orient Anthropol."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-4642(18)30022-1","article-title":"The Age of Adolescence","volume":"2","author":"Sawyer","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet Child Adolesc. Health"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physio.2011.04.352","article-title":"Measurement Properties of a Hand-Held Inclinometer during Straight Leg Raise Neurodynamic Testing","volume":"98","author":"Boyd","year":"2012","journal-title":"Physiotherapy"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1016\/j.math.2014.03.005","article-title":"Side-to-Side Range of Movement Variability in Variants of the Median and Radial Neurodynamic Test Sequences in Asymptomatic People","volume":"19","author":"Stalioraitis","year":"2014","journal-title":"Man. Ther."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1186\/s13013-018-0156-0","article-title":"Sagittal Plane Assessment of Spino-Pelvic Complex in a Central European Population with Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis: A Case Control Study","volume":"13","author":"Burkus","year":"2018","journal-title":"Scoliosis Spinal Disord."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2013.08.059","article-title":"Differences in Early Sagittal Plane Alignment between Thoracic and Lumbar Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis","volume":"14","author":"Shah","year":"2014","journal-title":"Spine J."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1186\/1748-7161-6-22","article-title":"Joint Hypermobility in Children with Idiopathic Scoliosis: SOSORT Award 2011 Winner","volume":"6","author":"Czaprowski","year":"2011","journal-title":"Scoliosis"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.2478\/rehab-2013-0009","article-title":"A Range of Rotation of the Trunk and Pelvis in Girls with Idiopathic Scoliosis","volume":"25","year":"2011","journal-title":"Adv. Rehabil."},{"key":"ref_47","first-page":"33","article-title":"Pathogenesis of Idiopathic Scoliosis. The Nottingham Concept","volume":"58","author":"Burwell","year":"1992","journal-title":"Acta Orthop. Belg."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3959(02)00008-8","article-title":"Low Back Pain in Schoolchildren: Occurrence and Characteristics","volume":"97","author":"Watson","year":"2002","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Calvo-Mu\u00f1oz, I., G\u00f3mez-Conesa, A., and S\u00e1nchez-Meca, J. (2013). Prevalence of Low Back Pain in Children and Adolescents: A Meta-Analysis. BMC Pediatr., 13.","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2431-13-14"},{"key":"ref_50","first-page":"506823","article-title":"Epidemiology of Back Pain in Children and Youth Aged 10\u201319 from the Area of the Southeast of Poland","volume":"2013","author":"Czaprowski","year":"2013","journal-title":"BioMed Res. Int."}],"container-title":["Journal of Clinical Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2077-0383\/11\/4\/1115\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T22:23:17Z","timestamp":1760134997000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2077-0383\/11\/4\/1115"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,19]]},"references-count":50,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2]]}},"alternative-id":["jcm11041115"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm11041115","relation":{},"ISSN":["2077-0383"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2077-0383"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,19]]}}}