{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T15:56:32Z","timestamp":1787241392626,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":115,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,23]],"date-time":"2022-02-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1645574400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Parenting stress has deleterious effects on parents, children, and overall family functioning. Parents of children with intellectual disability, including Down Syndrome (DS), show higher levels of parenting stress than parents of typically developing children. This research aimed to (i) evaluate parenting stress levels in a group of mothers of youths with DS using a parent-report questionnaire, (ii) identify children\u2019s individual and clinical features associated with maternal stress, and (iii) identify specific situational life\/demographics factors related to maternal stress. Seventy-eight youths with DS underwent a neuropsychological evaluation, whereas mothers completed questionnaires for the assessment of parenting stress and of the child\u2019s emotional and behavioral problems. We found that Parent\u2013Child Difficult Interaction was the domain with the highest percentage of clinical scores (39.7%). Both internalizing and externalizing problems correlated with maternal stress, as well as autistic symptoms. The levels of maternal stress were not associated with any socio-demographic variable. After controlling for child-related correlates of maternal stress and for mothers\u2019 age and education level, unemployed mothers exhibited higher levels of parental distress than employed mothers. The present study highlights that unemployment is related with parenting stress and potentially amenable to policy interventions supporting parents in combining work and family care.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11051188","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,23]],"date-time":"2022-02-23T22:54:02Z","timestamp":1645656842000},"page":"1188","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Parenting Stress in Mothers of Children and Adolescents with Down Syndrome"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8795-7424","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elisa","family":"Fuc\u00e0","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Bambino Ges\u00f9 Children\u2019s Hospital, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0877-9691","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Floriana","family":"Costanzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Bambino Ges\u00f9 Children\u2019s Hospital, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7048-0968","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luciana","family":"Ursumando","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Bambino Ges\u00f9 Children\u2019s Hospital, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefano","family":"Vicari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Bambino Ges\u00f9 Children\u2019s Hospital, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Life Sciences and Public Health, Catholic University, 00168 Rome, Italy"},{"name":"Casa San Giuseppe, Centro di Riabilitazione Opera Don Guanella, 00165 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1207\/s15374424jccp2104_12","article-title":"The Determinants of Parenting Behavior","volume":"21","author":"Abidin","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. 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