{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T20:50:54Z","timestamp":1790974254734,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":75,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,25]],"date-time":"2022-02-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1645747200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Follicular lymphoma (FL) is a slowly progressive disease and constitutes the second most common non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Biological factors, such as the tumor microenvironment and the host response, are determinants in the outcome of FL but the experimental data about microenvironment and tumor cells in FL are variable and contradictory. In this morphometric study, we analyzed by immunohistochemistry the cellular components of the tumor microenvironment and correlated these data with the microvascular vascular density in three different grades of FL lymph node biopsies, comparing the results to healthy lymph node controls. The results indicated a significant increase in the number of CD68+ and CD163+ macrophages in all three analyzed FL grades. Tryptase+ mast cells resulted in an increase only in grade 1. PDL-1+ cells, CD4- and CD8-lymphocytes number results were reduced in FL samples. The higher number of CD34+ microvessels in the FL grades 1 and 2 of samples positively correlated with CD68+ and CD163+ cells, underlining the important angiogenic potential of this subset of macrophages.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11051257","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,27]],"date-time":"2022-02-27T20:47:17Z","timestamp":1645994837000},"page":"1257","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Tumor Microenvironment and Microvascular Density in Follicular Lymphoma"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4623-5406","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roberto","family":"Tamma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences, and Sensory Organs, University of Bari Medical School, Piazza G. Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4792-3545","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Ingravallo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency and Transplantation, Pathology Section, University of Bari Medical School, 70124 Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7752-0368","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tiziana","family":"Annese","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences, and Sensory Organs, University of Bari Medical School, Piazza G. Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesco","family":"Gaudio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency and Transplantation, Hematology Section, University of Bari Medical School, 70124 Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tommasina","family":"Perrone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency and Transplantation, Hematology Section, University of Bari Medical School, 70124 Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3277-6594","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pellegrino","family":"Musto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency and Transplantation, Hematology Section, University of Bari Medical School, 70124 Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giorgina","family":"Specchia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency and Transplantation, Hematology Section, University of Bari Medical School, 70124 Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4768-8431","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Domenico","family":"Ribatti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences, and Sensory Organs, University of Bari Medical School, Piazza G. Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5019","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2011-01-293050","article-title":"The 2008 WHO classification of lymphoid neoplasms and beyond: Evolving concepts and practical applications","volume":"117","author":"Campo","year":"2011","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2375","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2016-01-643569","article-title":"The 2016 revision of the World Health Organization classification of lymphoid neoplasms","volume":"127","author":"Swerdlow","year":"2016","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1038\/s41408-020-00340-z","article-title":"Follicular lymphoma in the modern era: Survival, treatment outcomes, and identification of high-risk subgroups","volume":"10","author":"Batlevi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Blood Cancer J."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"826","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2009-01-198580","article-title":"Follicular lymphomas with and without translocation t(14;18) differ in gene expression profiles and genetic alterations","volume":"114","author":"Leich","year":"2009","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1111\/imr.12755","article-title":"Germinal center-derived lymphomas: The darkest side of humoral immunity","volume":"288","author":"Mlynarczyk","year":"2019","journal-title":"Immunol. 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