{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T00:40:16Z","timestamp":1790728816981,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":113,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,3]],"date-time":"2022-03-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1646265600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Carpal tunnel release is one of the most commonly performed upper extremity procedures. The majority of patients experience significant improvement or resolution of their symptoms. However, a small but important subset of patients will experience the failure of their initial surgery. These patients can be grouped into persistent, recurrent, and new symptom categories. The approach to these patients starts with a thorough clinical examination and is supplemented with electrodiagnostic studies. The step-wise surgical management of revision carpal tunnel surgery consists of the proximal exploration of the median nerve, Guyon\u2019s release with neurolysis, the rerelease of the transverse retinaculum, evaluation of the nerve injury, treatment of secondary sites of compression, and potential ancillary procedures. The approach and management of failed carpal tunnel release are reviewed in this article.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11051386","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,3]],"date-time":"2022-03-03T09:24:53Z","timestamp":1646299493000},"page":"1386","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Revision of Carpal Tunnel Surgery"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Stahs","family":"Pripotnev","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Roth|McFarlane Hand and Upper Limb Centre, Western University, London, ON N6A 4V2, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susan E.","family":"Mackinnon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, Barnes Jewish Hospital, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.282.2.153","article-title":"Prevalence of carpal tunnel syndrome in a general population","volume":"282","author":"Atroshi","year":"1999","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.5271\/sjweh.3351","article-title":"Prevalence and incidence of carpal tunnel syndrome in US working populations: Pooled analysis of six prospective studies","volume":"39","author":"Dale","year":"2013","journal-title":"Scand. 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