{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T04:50:22Z","timestamp":1787028622480,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":103,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,16]],"date-time":"2022-03-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1647388800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Actinic keratosis (AK) is a chronic skin condition that may progress to cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma. We conducted a systematic review of efficacy and safety for key treatments for AK of the face and scalp, including the novel 5-day tirbanibulin 1% ointment. MEDLINE, PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, clinical trial registries and regulatory body websites were searched. The review included 46 studies, of which 35 studies included interventions commonly used in Europe and were sufficiently homogenous to inform a Bayesian network meta-analysis of complete clearance against topical placebo or vehicle. The network meta-analysis revealed the following odds ratios and 95% credible intervals: cryosurgery 13.4 (6.2\u201330.3); diclofenac 3% 2.9 (1.9\u20134.3); fluorouracil 0.5% + salicylic acid 7.6 (4.6\u201313.5); fluorouracil 4% 30.3 (9.1\u2013144.7); fluorouracil 5% 35.0 (10.2\u2013164.4); imiquimod 3.75% 8.5 (3.5\u201322.4); imiquimod 5% 17.9 (9.1\u201336.6); ingenol mebutate 0.015% 12.5 (8.1\u201319.9); photodynamic therapy with aminolevulinic acid 24.1 (10.9\u201352.8); photodynamic therapy with methyl aminolevulinate 11.7 (6.0\u201321.9); tirbanibulin 1% 11.1 (6.2\u201320.9). Four sensitivity analyses, from studies assessing efficacy after one treatment cycle only, for \u226425 cm2 treatment area, after 8 weeks post-treatment, and with single placebo\/vehicle node confirmed the findings from the base case. Safety outcomes were assessed qualitatively. These results suggest that tirbanibulin 1% offers a novel treatment for AK, with a single short treatment period, favourable safety profile and efficacy, in line with existing topical treatments available in Europe.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11061654","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,16]],"date-time":"2022-03-16T22:09:58Z","timestamp":1647468598000},"page":"1654","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["Comparative Efficacy and Safety of Tirbanibulin for Actinic Keratosis of the Face and Scalp in Europe: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4603-1825","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Markus V.","family":"Heppt","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Universit\u00e4tsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-N\u00fcrnberg (FAU), Ulmenweg 18, 91054 Erlangen, Germany"},{"name":"Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-European Metropolitan Area of Nuremberg (CCC ER-EMN), 91054 Erlangen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6706-5832","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Igor","family":"Dykukha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Affairs, Almirall Hermal GmbH, Scholtzstrasse 3, 21465 Reinbek, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Graziadio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"York Health Economics Consortium (YHEC), Enterprise House, Innovation Way, University of York, York YO10 5NQ, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7210-8959","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rafael","family":"Salido-Vallejo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, University Clinic of Navarra, School of Medicine, University of Navarra, Avda. Pio XII, 36, 31008 Pamplona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matt","family":"Chapman-Rounds","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Quantics Biostatistics, Exchange Tower, 19 Canning Street Fourth Floor, Canning St, Edinburgh EH3 8EG, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mary","family":"Edwards","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"York Health Economics Consortium (YHEC), Enterprise House, Innovation Way, University of York, York YO10 5NQ, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"CD004415","article-title":"Interventions for actinic keratoses","volume":"12","author":"Gupta","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.15107","article-title":"British Association of Dermatologists\u2019 guidelines for the care of patients with actinic keratosis","volume":"176","author":"McGregor","year":"2017","journal-title":"Br. 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