{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T04:50:24Z","timestamp":1787028624149,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":85,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,22]],"date-time":"2022-03-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1647907200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Introduction: Due to potentially severe sequelae (impaired growth, condylar resorption, and ankylosis) early diagnosis of chronic rheumatic arthritis of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) and timely onset of therapy are essential. Aim: Owing to very limited evidence the aim of the study was to identify and discuss controversial topics in the guideline development to promote further focused research. Methods: Through a systematic literature search, 394 out of 3771 publications were included in a German interdisciplinary guideline draft. Two workgroups (1: oral and maxillofacial surgery, 2: interdisciplinary) voted on 77 recommendations\/statements, in 2 independent anonymized and blinded consensus phases (Delphi process). Results: The voting results were relatively homogenous, except for a greater proportion of abstentions amongst the interdisciplinary group (p &lt; 0.001). Eighty-four percent of recommendations\/statements were approved in the first round, 89% with strong consensus. Fourteen recommendations\/statements (18.2%) required a prolonged consensus phase and further discussion. Discussion: Contrast-enhanced MRI was confirmed as the method of choice for the diagnosis of TMJ arthritis. Intraarticular corticosteroid injection is to be limited to therapy-refractory cases and single injection only. In adults, alloplastic joint replacement is preferable to autologous replacement. In children\/adolescents, autologous reconstruction may be performed lacking viable alternatives. Alloplastic options are currently still considered experimental.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11071761","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,22]],"date-time":"2022-03-22T23:30:23Z","timestamp":1647991823000},"page":"1761","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Controversial Aspects of Diagnostics and Therapy of Arthritis of the Temporomandibular Joint in Rheumatoid and Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis\u2014An Analysis of Evidence- and Consensus-Based Recommendations Based on an Interdisciplinary Guideline Project"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Christopher","family":"Schmidt","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Craniomaxillofacial Surgery, UKGM GmbH, University Hospital Marburg, Faculty of Medicine, Philipps University, 35043 Marburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rudolf","family":"Reich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Practice for Oral and Maxillofacial Plastic Surgery MVZ R(h)einZahn, 53111 Bonn, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bernd","family":"Koos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics, University Hospital T\u00fcbingen, Eberhard Karls University T\u00fcbingen, 72074 T\u00fcbingen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Taila","family":"Ertel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Craniomaxillofacial Surgery, UKGM GmbH, University Hospital Marburg, Faculty of Medicine, Philipps University, 35043 Marburg, Germany"},{"name":"Medical Clinic, Hospital of Winsen, 21423 Winsen (Luhe), Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9536-7259","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcus Oliver","family":"Ahlers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Center for Dental and Oral Medicine, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, University of Hamburg, 20146 Hamburg, Germany"},{"name":"CMD-Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Arbogast","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatic Orthopedics and Hand Surgery, Hospital Oberammergau, 82487 Oberammergau, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ima","family":"Feurer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Physiotherapeutic Practice & Orthopedic Manual Therapy, 78315 Radolfzell-B\u00f6hringen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mario","family":"Habermann-Krebs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Deutsche Rheuma-Liga Bundesverband e.V. (German Patients\u2019 Association for Rheumatic Disorders), 53111 Bonn, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3458-8899","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tim","family":"Hilgenfeld","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroradiology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Ruprecht-Karls-University Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Hirsch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic of Pediatric Dentistry, University Hospital Leipzig, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Boris","family":"H\u00fcgle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"German Centre for Pediatric Rheumatology, Childrens\u2019 Hospital Garmisch-Partenkirchen, 82467 Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thekla","family":"von Kalle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Radiology, Olgahospital, Klinikum Stuttgart, 70174 Stuttgart, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Johannes","family":"Kleinheinz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital M\u00fcnster, 48169 M\u00fcnster, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andreas","family":"Kolk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Craniomaxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Innsbruck, Leopold-Franzens-University Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Ottl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Prosthodontic Dentistry, University Hospital Rostock, University of Rostock, 18057 Rostock, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christoph","family":"Pautke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Practice & Clinic for Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, 80333 Munich, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Merle","family":"Riechmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Craniomaxillofacial Surgery, UKGM GmbH, University Hospital Marburg, Faculty of Medicine, Philipps University, 35043 Marburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andreas","family":"Sch\u00f6n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Practice & Clinic for Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, 53842 Troisdorf, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Linda","family":"Skroch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Craniomaxillofacial Surgery, UKGM GmbH, University Hospital Marburg, Faculty of Medicine, Philipps University, 35043 Marburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcus","family":"Teschke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Practice for Oral and Craniomaxillofacial Surgery, 61352 Bad Homburg, Germany"},{"name":"Children\u2019s Hospital Wilhelmstift, 22149 Hamburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wolfgang","family":"Wuest","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Hospital Martha Maria N\u00fcrnberg, 90491 Nuremberg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5865-0020","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andreas","family":"Neff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Craniomaxillofacial Surgery, UKGM GmbH, University Hospital Marburg, Faculty of Medicine, Philipps University, 35043 Marburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"390","article-title":"International League of Associations for Rheumatology classification of juvenile idiopathic arthritis: Second revision, Edmonton, 2001","volume":"31","author":"Petty","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. 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