{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]],"date-time":"2026-09-07T13:32:38Z","timestamp":1788787958554,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,24]],"date-time":"2022-03-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1648080000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Among Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) is one of the major pathogens causing lower respiratory tract infection. Macrolide-resistant Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MRMP) isolates have been increasing and has become a global concern, especially in East Asian countries. This affects the treatment of MP infection; that is, some patients with MRMP infections fever cannot be controlled despite macrolide therapy. Therefore, alternative therapies, including secondary antimicrobials, including tetracyclines, fluoroquinolones, or systemic corticosteroids, were introduced. However, there are insufficient data on these alternative therapies. Thus, this article provides reviews of the recent trends in the epidemiology, diagnosis, and treatment of MRMP.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11071782","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,27]],"date-time":"2022-03-27T21:27:51Z","timestamp":1648416471000},"page":"1782","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":45,"title":["Recent Trends in the Epidemiology, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Macrolide-Resistant Mycoplasma pneumoniae"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3842-3044","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tomohiro","family":"Oishi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Infectious Diseases, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki 701-0192, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kazunobu","family":"Ouchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Welfare for Children, Kawasaki University of Medical Welfare, Kurashiki 701-0193, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cir531","article-title":"The management of community-acquired pneumonia in infants and children older than 3 months of age: Clinical practice guidelines by the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society and the Infectious Diseases Society of America","volume":"53","author":"Bradley","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin. 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