{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]],"date-time":"2026-07-02T05:28:51Z","timestamp":1782970131914,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,28]],"date-time":"2022-03-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1648425600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Empyema is known as a serious infection, and outcomes of empyema cases remain poor. Pleural fluid culture and blood culture have been reported to give unsatisfactory results. We introduce a novel pleural peels tissue culture during surgery and aim to improve the culture results of empyema. Methods: This was a retrospective study and was obtained from our institute. Patients with stage II or III empyema undergoing video-assisted thoracic surgery decortication from January 2019 to June 2021 were included in the study. Results: There were 239 patients that received a pleural peels tissue culture, a pleural fluid culture, and a blood culture concurrently during the perioperative period. Of these, 153 patients had at least one positive culture and 86 patients showed triple negative culture results. The positive culture rates were 46.9% for pleural peels tissue cultures, 46.0% for pleural fluid cultures, and 10% for blood cultures. The combination of pleural peels tissue culture and pleural fluid culture increased the positive rate to 62.7%. Streptococcus species and Staphylococcus species were the most common pathogens. Conclusion: The combination of pleural peels tissue culture and pleural fluid culture is an effective method to improve the positive culture rate in empyema.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11071882","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,29]],"date-time":"2022-03-29T21:44:52Z","timestamp":1648590292000},"page":"1882","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Pleural Peels Tissue Culture plus Pleural Fluid Culture Help to Improve Culture Rate for Empyema"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1444-8944","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ya-Fu","family":"Cheng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua 500, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8609-1761","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ching-Yuan","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua 500, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chang-Lun","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua 500, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei-Heng","family":"Hung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua 500, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bing-Yen","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua 500, Taiwan"},{"name":"School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 201, Taiwan"},{"name":"School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan"},{"name":"Institute of Genomics and Bioinformatics, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Post-Baccalaureate Medicine, College of Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan"},{"name":"Center for General Education, Ming Dao University, Changhua 523, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cir354","article-title":"The Spectrum of Pneumococcal Empyema in Adults in the Early 21st Century","volume":"53","author":"Burgos","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin. 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