{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,15]],"date-time":"2026-01-15T00:25:46Z","timestamp":1768436746440,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,29]],"date-time":"2022-03-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1648512000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Pregnancy loss after in vitro fertilization (IVF) is at least as common as after spontaneous conception. Recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) may often have an immunological background, and it is therefore relevant to test immune-based interventions in these patients. The objective was to investigate the effect of immunotherapy with intravenous immunoglobulin (IvIg) and prednisone (PRS) as concomitant therapy to IVF in women with RPL after earlier IVF treatments. In a cohort study conducted at The Danish RPL Clinic, 41 women with three or more consecutive pregnancy losses after IVF underwent at least one further IVF cycle with concomitant immunotherapy from 2012 to 2017. The immunotherapy with IvIg and PRS was given before embryo transfer and repeatedly in the first trimester when pregnancy was achieved. Fourteen women (34.2%) achieved a live birth after the first embryo transfer with immunotherapy, and a total of 32\/41 (78%) achieved a live birth after up to 4 embryo transfers. Baseline characteristics and the presence of autoantibodies were not significantly different among women achieving live birth or not. The observed 34% birth rate in women with RPL after IVF receiving immunotherapy appears higher than the expected 16\u201319% birth rate without immunotherapy and is similar to findings in a previous cohort from our clinic. Concomitant immunotherapy as described may be a promising intervention for women with RPL after IVF; however, the effect must be tested in a randomized controlled trial.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11071894","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,29]],"date-time":"2022-03-29T21:44:52Z","timestamp":1648590292000},"page":"1894","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Live Birth Rate in Women with Recurrent Pregnancy Loss after In Vitro Fertilization with Concomitant Intravenous Immunoglobulin and Prednisone"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Pia","family":"Egerup","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Recurrent Pregnancy Loss Unit, Capital Region, Copenhagen University Hospitals, Hvidovre Hospital and Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Ketteg\u00e5rd Alle 30, 2650 Hvidovre, Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2106-8103","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Henriette Svarre","family":"Nielsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Recurrent Pregnancy Loss Unit, Capital Region, Copenhagen University Hospitals, Hvidovre Hospital and Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Ketteg\u00e5rd Alle 30, 2650 Hvidovre, Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anders Nyboe","family":"Andersen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Fertility Department, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ole Bjarne","family":"Christiansen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Aalborg University Hospital, Reberbansgade 15, 9000 Aalborg, Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3217","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/del284","article-title":"Clinical outcome following stimulation with highly purified hMG or recombinant FSH in patients undergoing IVF: A randomized assessor-blind controlled trial","volume":"21","author":"Andersen","year":"2006","journal-title":"Hum. 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