{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]],"date-time":"2026-07-23T11:41:22Z","timestamp":1784806882899,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,12]],"date-time":"2022-04-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1649721600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background &amp; Aims: Biliary atresia (BA) is the commonest single etiology indication for liver replacement in children. As timely access to liver transplantation (LT) remains challenging for small BA children (with prolonged waiting time being associated with clinical deterioration leading to both preventable pre- and post-transplant morbidity and mortality), the care pathway of BA children in need of LT was analyzed\u2014from diagnosis to LT\u2014with particular attention to referral patterns, timing of referral, waiting list dynamics and need for medical assistance before LT. Methods: International multicentric retrospective study. Intent-to-transplant study analyzing BA children who had indication for LT early in life (aged &lt; 3 years at the time of assessment), over the last 5 years (2016\u20132020). Clinical and laboratory data of 219 BA children were collected from 8 transplant centers (6 in Europe and 2 in USA). Results: 39 patients underwent primary transplants. Children who underwent Kasai in a specialist -but not transplant- center were older at time of referral and at transplant. At assessment for LT, the vast majority of children already were experiencing complication of cirrhosis, and the majority of children needed medical assistance (nutritional support, hospitalization, transfusion of albumin or blood) while waiting for transplantation. Severe worsening of the clinical condition led to the need for requesting a priority status (i.e., Peld Score exception or similar) for timely graft allocation for 76 children, overall (35%). Conclusions: As LT currently results in BA patient survival exceeding 95% in many expert LT centers, the paradigm for BA management optimization and survival have currently shifted to the pre-LT management. The creation of networks dedicated to the timely referral to a pediatric transplant center and possibly centralization of care should be considered, in combination with implementing all different graft type surgeries in specialist centers (including split and living donor LTs) to achieve timely LT in this vulnerable population.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11082142","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,12]],"date-time":"2022-04-12T21:15:35Z","timestamp":1649798135000},"page":"2142","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Variability of Care and Access to Transplantation for Children with Biliary Atresia Who Need a Liver Replacement"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7681-6178","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jean","family":"de Ville de Goyet","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, IRCCS-ISMETT (Institute for Scientific-Based Care and Research\u2014Mediterranean Institute for Transplantation and Advanced Specialized Therapies), 90127 Palermo, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Toni","family":"Illhardt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, University Hospital T\u00fcbingen, 72076 T\u00fcbingen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christophe","family":"Chardot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Surgery, Necker Enfants Malades Hospital, 75015 Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peace N.","family":"Dike","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children\u2019s Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ulrich","family":"Baumann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Pediatric Kidney, Liver and Metabolic Diseases, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katherine","family":"Brandt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Transplant Surgery, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children\u2019s Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60611, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4548-382X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Barbara E.","family":"Wildhaber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Swiss Pediatric Liver Center, Child and Adolescent Surgery Division, Geneva University Hospitals (HUG), 1205 Geneva, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6016-6334","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mikko","family":"Pakarinen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Children\u2019s Hospital, University of Helsinki, 00029 Helsinki, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fabrizio","family":"di Francesco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, IRCCS-ISMETT (Institute for Scientific-Based Care and Research\u2014Mediterranean Institute for Transplantation and Advanced Specialized Therapies), 90127 Palermo, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ekkehard","family":"Sturm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, University Hospital T\u00fcbingen, 72076 T\u00fcbingen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9436-079X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marianna","family":"Cornet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Surgery, Necker Enfants Malades Hospital, 75015 Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0934-7495","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Caroline","family":"Lemoine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Transplant Surgery, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children\u2019s Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60611, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eva Doreen","family":"Pfister","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Pediatric Kidney, Liver and Metabolic Diseases, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3813-8991","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana M.","family":"Calinescu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Swiss Pediatric Liver Center, Child and Adolescent Surgery Division, Geneva University Hospitals (HUG), 1205 Geneva, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Hukkinen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Children\u2019s Hospital, University of Helsinki, 00029 Helsinki, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sanjiv","family":"Harpavat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children\u2019s Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2058-2135","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fabio","family":"Tuzzolino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Department, IRCCS-ISMETT (Institute for Scientific-Based Care and Research\u2014Mediterranean Institute for Transplantation and Advanced Specialized Therapies), 90127 Palermo, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Riccardo","family":"Superina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Transplant Surgery, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children\u2019s Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60611, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"634","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.32223","article-title":"European Liver Transplant Registry: Donor and transplant surgery aspects of 16,641 liver transplantations in children","volume":"75","author":"Baumann","year":"2022","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1354","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(04)16045-5","article-title":"Seamless management of biliary atresia in England and Wales (1999\u20132002)","volume":"363","author":"Davenport","year":"2004","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1289","DOI":"10.1007\/s00383-017-4173-5","article-title":"Liver transplantation for biliary atresia: A systematic review","volume":"33","author":"Kasahara","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pediatr. Surg. Int."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1209","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2013.01.040","article-title":"Improving outcomes of biliary atresia: French national series 1986\u20132009","volume":"58","author":"Chardot","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e12851","DOI":"10.1111\/petr.12851","article-title":"Impaired intention-to-treat survival after listing for liver transplantation in children with biliary atresia compared to other chronic liver diseases: 20 years\u2019 experience from the Nordic countries","volume":"21","author":"Malenicka","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pediatr. Transplant."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e13569","DOI":"10.1111\/petr.13569","article-title":"A paradigm shift in the intention-to-transplant children with biliary atresia: Outcomes of 101 cases and a review of the literature","volume":"23","author":"Grimaldi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pediatr. Transplant."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"810","DOI":"10.1002\/lt.25025","article-title":"Wait-list mortality of young patients with Biliary atresia: Competing risk analysis of a eurotransplant regis-try-based cohort","volume":"24","author":"Rogiers","year":"2018","journal-title":"Liver Transplant."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1584","DOI":"10.1002\/lt.24605","article-title":"A 10-Year united network for organ sharing review of mortality and risk factors in young children awaiting liver transplantation","volume":"22","author":"Leung","year":"2016","journal-title":"Liver Transplant."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-3046.2010.01450.x","article-title":"Mortality of biliary atresia in children not undergoing liver transplantation in The Netherlands","volume":"15","author":"Aronson","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pediatr. Transplant."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e13339","DOI":"10.1111\/petr.13339","article-title":"Acute-on-chronic liver failure in children with biliary atresia awaiting liver transplantation","volume":"23","author":"Grammatikopoulos","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pediatr. Transplant."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11062","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v20.i32.11062","article-title":"Beyond the Pediatric end-stage liver disease system: Solutions for infants with biliary atresia requiring liver transplant","volume":"20","author":"Tessier","year":"2014","journal-title":"World J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1002\/lt.24646","article-title":"Global lessons in graft type and pediatric liver allocation: A path toward improving outcomes and eliminating wait-list mortality","volume":"23","author":"Hsu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Liver Transplant."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"700","DOI":"10.1097\/MPG.0000000000002283","article-title":"Similarities and Differences in Allocation Policies for Pediatric Liver Transplantation Across the World","volume":"68","author":"Fischler","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Pediatr. Gastroenterol. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.1111\/ajt.14489","article-title":"Living donor liver transplantation for biliary atresia: An analysis of 2085 cases in the registry of the Japanese Liver Transplantation Society","volume":"18","author":"Kasahara","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am. J. Transplant."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1002\/lt.24640","article-title":"Biliary atresia: Indications and timing of liver transplantation and optimization of pretransplant care","volume":"23","author":"Sundaram","year":"2017","journal-title":"Liver Transplant."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"880","DOI":"10.1111\/petr.12809","article-title":"The tip of the iceberg: Outcomes after liver transplantation for very young infants","volume":"20","author":"Bondec","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pediatr. Transplant."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamcollsurg.2016.12.025","article-title":"No Child Left Behind: Liver Transplantation in Critically Ill Children","volume":"224","author":"Rana","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Surg."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2020.09.005","article-title":"Mortality Determinants in Children with Biliary Atresia Awaiting Liver Transplantation","volume":"228","author":"Ziogas","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Pediatr."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1964","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.26776","article-title":"Ascites and serum sodium are markers of increased waiting list mortality in children with chronic liver failure","volume":"59","author":"Pugliese","year":"2014","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e13232","DOI":"10.1111\/petr.13232","article-title":"First liver transplantation for biliary atresia in children: The hidden effects of non-centralization","volume":"22","author":"Kohaut","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pediatr. Transplant."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.5152\/tjg.2017.16622","article-title":"Infants with extrahepatic biliary atresia: Effect of follow-up on the survival rate at Ege University Medical School transplantation center","volume":"28","author":"Karakoyun","year":"2017","journal-title":"Turk. J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.3109\/00365521.2011.627446","article-title":"National centralization of biliary atresia care to an assigned multidisciplinary team provides high-quality outcomes","volume":"47","author":"Lampela","year":"2012","journal-title":"Scand. J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tessitore, M., Sorrentino, E., Di Cola, G.S., Colucci, A., Vajro, P., and Mandato, C. (2021). Malnutrition in Pediatric Chronic Cholestatic Disease: An Up-to-Date Overview. Nutrients, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13082785"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.4254\/wjh.v11.i2.208","article-title":"Central line-associated bloodstream infection among children with biliary atresia listed for liver transplantation","volume":"11","author":"Triggs","year":"2019","journal-title":"World J. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e99","DOI":"10.1097\/TP.0000000000002553","article-title":"Young People with Biliary Atresia Requiring Liver Transplantation: A Distinct Population Requiring Specialist Care","volume":"103","author":"Samyn","year":"2019","journal-title":"Transplantation"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2010.01.014","article-title":"Approach to Optimizing Growth, Rehabilitation, and Neurodevelopmental Outcomes in Children After Solid-organ Transplantation","volume":"57","author":"Mohammad","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pediatr. Clin. N. Am."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e13537","DOI":"10.1111\/petr.13537","article-title":"Barriers to ideal outcomes after pediatric liver transplantation","volume":"23","author":"Ng","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pediatr. Transplant."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"446","DOI":"10.12659\/AOT.914164","article-title":"The Effect of Pediatric Living Donor Liver Transplantation on Neurocognitive Outcomes in Children","volume":"24","author":"Sun","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ann. Transplant."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1002\/lt.24696","article-title":"Health-related quality of life after pediatric liver transplantation: A systematic review","volume":"23","author":"Parmar","year":"2017","journal-title":"Liver Transplant."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100987","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2021.100987","article-title":"Outcomes of adults who received liver transplant as young children","volume":"38","author":"Vimalesvaran","year":"2021","journal-title":"eClinicalMedicine"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2029","DOI":"10.1111\/ajt.15300","article-title":"A national mandatory-split liver policy: A report from the Italian experience","volume":"19","author":"Angelico","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am. J. Transplant."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2208","DOI":"10.1111\/ajt.14875","article-title":"Impact of graft thickness reduction of left lateral segment on outcomes following pediatric living donor liver transplantation","volume":"18","author":"Kitajima","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am. J. Transplant."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"440","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-6143.2006.01626.x","article-title":"Liv-ing-Related Versus Deceased Donor Pediatric Liver Transplantation: A Multivariate Analysis of Technical and Immunological Complications in 235 Recipients","volume":"7","author":"Bourdeaux","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am. J. Transplant."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e13318","DOI":"10.1111\/petr.13318","article-title":"Living liver donation improves patient and graft survival in the pediatric population","volume":"23","author":"Montenovo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pediatr. Transplant."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1001\/archsurg.140.5.465","article-title":"Survival after pediatric liver transplantation: Why does living donation offer an advantage?","volume":"140","author":"Austin","year":"2005","journal-title":"Arch. Surg."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e430","DOI":"10.1097\/TXD.0000000000000865","article-title":"Superior Outcomes and Reduced Wait Times in Pediatric Recipients of Living Donor Liver Transplantation","volume":"5","author":"Kehar","year":"2019","journal-title":"Transplant. Direct"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e767","DOI":"10.1097\/TXD.0000000000001219","article-title":"Living Donor Versus Deceased Donor Pediatric Liver Transplantation: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis","volume":"7","author":"Barbetta","year":"2021","journal-title":"Transplant. Direct"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1097\/MPG.0b013e3181633562","article-title":"Biliary Atresia: Swiss National Study, 1994\u20132004","volume":"46","author":"Wildhaber","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Pediatr. Gastroenterol. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e13605","DOI":"10.1111\/petr.13605","article-title":"Society of pediatric liver transplantation: Current registry status 2011\u20132018","volume":"24","author":"Elisofon","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pediatr. Transplant."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1111\/ajt.16494","article-title":"OPTN\/SRTR 2019 Annual Data Report: Liver","volume":"21","author":"Kwong","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am. J. Transplant."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e13156","DOI":"10.1111\/petr.13156","article-title":"Trends in pediatric liver transplant donors and deceased donor circumstance of death in the United States, 2002\u20132015","volume":"22","author":"Yoeli","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pediatr. Transplant."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"797","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1477-2574.2011.00360.x","article-title":"Outcomes in partial liver transplantation: Deceased donor split-liver vs. live donor liver transplantation","volume":"13","author":"Saidi","year":"2011","journal-title":"HPB"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"721","DOI":"10.1002\/lt.23667","article-title":"Deceased donor liver transplantation in infants and small children: Are partial grafts riskier than whole organs?","volume":"19","author":"Cauley","year":"2013","journal-title":"Liver Transpl."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2017.11.015","article-title":"Fifteen-Year Trends in Pediatric Liver Transplants: Split, Whole Deceased, and Living Donor Grafts","volume":"196","author":"Mogul","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Pediatr."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"552","DOI":"10.1097\/TP.0000000000002249","article-title":"Split Liver Transplantation and Pediatric Waitlist Mortality in the United States: Potential for Improvement","volume":"103","author":"Perito","year":"2019","journal-title":"Transplantation"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3114","DOI":"10.1111\/ajt.15481","article-title":"Frequency of whole-organ in lieu of split-liver transplantation over the last decade: Children experienced increased wait time and death","volume":"19","author":"Valentino","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am. J. Transplant."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1689","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpedsurg.2011.04.013","article-title":"Biliary atresia in England and Wales: Results of centralization and new benchmark","volume":"46","author":"Davenport","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Pediatr. Surg."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1053\/j.sempedsurg.2008.02.007","article-title":"Biliary atresia: Service delivery and outcomes","volume":"17","author":"Stringer","year":"2008","journal-title":"Semin. Pediatr. Surg."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2016.04.032","article-title":"Biliary atresia and other cholestatic childhood diseases: Advances and future challenges","volume":"65","author":"Verkade","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2015.11.058","article-title":"Total Serum Bilirubin within 3 Months of Hepatoportoenterostomy Predicts Short-Term Outcomes in Biliary Atresia","volume":"170","author":"Shneider","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Pediatr."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1007\/s12519-018-0139-5","article-title":"Does time taken to achieve jaundice-clearance influence survival of the native liver in post-Kasai biliary atresia?","volume":"14","author":"Nakajima","year":"2018","journal-title":"World J. Pediatr."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1097\/MPG.0000000000001289","article-title":"Early Posthepatoportoenterostomy Predictors of Native Liver Survival in Biliary Atresia","volume":"64","author":"Nightingale","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Pediatr. Gastroenterol. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.21219","article-title":"Management of patients with biliary atresia in France: Results of a decentralized policy 1986\u20132002","volume":"44","author":"Serinet","year":"2006","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamcollsurg.2017.09.009","article-title":"Treatment Policy and Liver Histopathology Predict Biliary Atresia Outcomes: Results after National Centralization and Protocol Biopsies","volume":"226","author":"Hukkinen","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Surg."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0038-1668146","article-title":"What Happens after Kasai for Biliary Atresia? A European Multicenter Survey","volume":"29","author":"Wong","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pediatr. Surg."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-3046.2012.01677.x","article-title":"The impact of hepatic portoenterostomy on liver transplantation for the treatment of biliary atresia: Early failure adversely affects outcome","volume":"16","author":"Alexopoulos","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pediatr. Transplant."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1297","DOI":"10.1007\/s00383-017-4174-4","article-title":"Biliary atresia and liver transplantation: Results and thoughts for primary liver transplantation in select patients","volume":"33","author":"Superina","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pediatr. Surg. Int."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"751","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.30935","article-title":"Biliary Atresia: Biliary-Enteric Drainage or Primary Liver Transplant?","volume":"71","author":"Kim","year":"2020","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9089068","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/9089068","article-title":"Preoperative Serum IL-12p40 Is a Potential Predictor of Kasai Portoenterostomy Outcome in Infants with Biliary Atresia","volume":"2017","author":"Goda","year":"2017","journal-title":"Gastroenterol. Res. Pract."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.5223\/pghn.2020.23.3.266","article-title":"Predictors of Short-Term Outcome of Kasai Portoenterostomy for Biliary Atresia in Infants: A Single-Center Study","volume":"23","author":"Yassin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pediatr. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Caruso, M., Ricciardi, C., Paoli, G.D., Di Dato, F., Donisi, L., Romeo, V., Petretta, M., Iorio, R., Cesarelli, G., and Brunetti, A. (2021). Machine Learning Evaluation of Biliary Atresia Patients to Predict Long-Term Outcome after the Kasai Procedure. Bioengineering, 8.","DOI":"10.3390\/bioengineering8110152"},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"690","DOI":"10.1002\/lt.25458","article-title":"Split-Liver Allocation: An Underused Opportunity to Expand Access to Liver Transplantation","volume":"25","author":"Ge","year":"2019","journal-title":"Liver Transplant."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1116","DOI":"10.1111\/ajt.15696","article-title":"Split liver transplantation is utilized infrequently and concentrated at few transplant centers in the United States","volume":"20","author":"Ge","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am. J. Transplant."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1093","DOI":"10.1111\/petr.12779","article-title":"Expanding the donor pool: Regional variation in pediatric organ donation rates","volume":"20","author":"Godown","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pediatr. Transplant."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1009","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0000000000001816","article-title":"Intention to split policy: A successful strategy in a combined pediatric and adult liver transplant center","volume":"265","author":"Battula","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann. Surg."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1447","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-011-2301-6","article-title":"The Italian ECMO network experience during the 2009 influenza A(H1N1) pandemic: Preparation for severe respiratory emergency outbreaks","volume":"37","author":"Patroniti","year":"2011","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1951","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2014.04.006","article-title":"Role of expert centres in the management of sarcomas\u2014A UK perspective","volume":"50","author":"Benson","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur. J. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_68","first-page":"s614","article-title":"The Italian National Plan for Rare Diseases","volume":"12","author":"Congiu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Blood Transfus."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2019.04.024","article-title":"The European study on centralisation of childhood cancer treatment","volume":"115","author":"Gatta","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur. J. Cancer"}],"container-title":["Journal of Clinical Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2077-0383\/11\/8\/2142\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T22:52:20Z","timestamp":1760136740000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2077-0383\/11\/8\/2142"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,12]]},"references-count":69,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,4]]}},"alternative-id":["jcm11082142"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm11082142","relation":{},"ISSN":["2077-0383"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2077-0383","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,12]]}}}