{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T16:12:13Z","timestamp":1790007133151,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":292,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,12]],"date-time":"2022-04-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1649721600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>CAR T cell therapy has revolutionized immunotherapy in the last decade with the successful establishment of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-expressing cellular therapies as an alternative treatment in relapsed and refractory CD19-positive leukemias and lymphomas. There are fundamental reasons why CAR T cell therapy has been approved by the Food and Drug administration and the European Medicines Agency for pediatric and young adult patients first. Commonly, novel therapies are developed for adult patients and then adapted for pediatric use, due to regulatory and commercial reasons. Both strategic and biological factors have supported the success of CAR T cell therapy in children. Since there is an urgent need for more potent and specific therapies in childhood malignancies, efforts should also include the development of CAR therapeutics and expand applicability by introducing new technologies. Basic aspects, the evolution and the drawbacks of childhood CAR T cell therapy are discussed as along with the latest clinically relevant information.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11082158","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,12]],"date-time":"2022-04-12T21:15:35Z","timestamp":1649798135000},"page":"2158","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["Development of CAR T Cell Therapy in Children\u2014A Comprehensive Overview"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4972-9866","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael","family":"Boettcher","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Surgery, University Medical Centre Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander","family":"Joechner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia"},{"name":"Cellular Cancer Therapeutics Unit, Children\u2019s Medical Research Institute, Sydney 2145, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ziduo","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cellular Cancer Therapeutics Unit, Children\u2019s Medical Research Institute, Sydney 2145, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sile Fiona","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cellular Cancer Therapeutics Unit, Children\u2019s Medical Research Institute, Sydney 2145, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrick","family":"Schlegel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia"},{"name":"Cellular Cancer Therapeutics Unit, Children\u2019s Medical Research Institute, Sydney 2145, Australia"},{"name":"Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Westmead Children\u2019s Hospital, Sydney 2145, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e168","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(19)30823-X","article-title":"CAR T cells: Continuation in a revolution of immunotherapy","volume":"21","author":"Singh","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1507","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1407222","article-title":"Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cells for Sustained Remissions in Leukemia","volume":"371","author":"Maude","year":"2014","journal-title":"N. 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