{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T18:40:13Z","timestamp":1789756813893,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,14]],"date-time":"2022-04-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1649894400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001677","name":"Inserm","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["C0829"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["C0829"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001677","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Assistance Publique des H\u00f4pitaux de Paris","award":["GAN12"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GAN12"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Bipolar disorder (BD) is characterized by recurrent mood episodes. It is increasingly suggested that disturbances in sleep\u2013wake cycles and\/or circadian rhythms could represent valuable predictors of recurrence, but few studies have addressed this question. Euthymic individuals with BD (n = 69) undertook 3 weeks of actigraphy recording and were then followed up for a median duration of 3.5 years. Principal component analyses were used to identify core dimensions of sleep quantity\/variability and circadian rhythmicity. Associations between clinical variables and actigraphy dimensions and time to first recurrence were explored using survival analyses, and then using area under the curve (AUC) analyses (early vs. late recurrence). Most participants (64%) experienced a recurrence during follow-up (median survival time: 18 months). After adjusting for potential confounding factors, an actigraphy dimension comprising amplitude and variability\/stability of circadian rhythms was a significant predictor of time to recurrence (p = 0.009). The AUC for correct classification of early vs. late recurrence subgroups was only 0.64 for clinical predictors, but combining these variables with objectively measured intra-day variability improved the AUC to 0.82 (p = 0.04). Actigraphy estimates of circadian rhythms, particularly variability\/stability and amplitude, may represent valid predictive markers of future BD recurrences and could be putative targets for future psychosocial interventions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11082204","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,14]],"date-time":"2022-04-14T21:44:06Z","timestamp":1649972646000},"page":"2204","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Which Actigraphy Dimensions Predict Longitudinal Outcomes in Bipolar Disorders?"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Lisa","family":"Ferrand","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Optimisation Th\u00e9rapeutique en Neuropsychopharmacologie, INSERM U1144, Universit\u00e9 de Paris, 75006 Paris, France"},{"name":"AP-HP.Centre, DMU Psychiatrie et Addictologie, Universit\u00e9 de Paris, 75006 Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vincent","family":"Hennion","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Optimisation Th\u00e9rapeutique en Neuropsychopharmacologie, INSERM U1144, Universit\u00e9 de Paris, 75006 Paris, France"},{"name":"Universit\u00e9 de Paris, 75006 Paris, France"},{"name":"AP-HP.Nord, GH Saint-Louis-Lariboisi\u00e8re-F, Widal, DMU Neurosciences, D\u00e9partement de Psychiatrie et de M\u00e9decine Addictologique, 75010 Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ophelia","family":"Godin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INSERM, IMRB, Translational Neuropsychiatry, Fondation FondaMental, 94000 Cr\u00e9teil, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frank","family":"Bellivier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Optimisation Th\u00e9rapeutique en Neuropsychopharmacologie, INSERM U1144, Universit\u00e9 de Paris, 75006 Paris, France"},{"name":"Universit\u00e9 de Paris, 75006 Paris, France"},{"name":"AP-HP.Nord, GH Saint-Louis-Lariboisi\u00e8re-F, Widal, DMU Neurosciences, D\u00e9partement de Psychiatrie et de M\u00e9decine Addictologique, 75010 Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jan","family":"Scott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 de Paris, 75006 Paris, France"},{"name":"Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5377-1488","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bruno","family":"Etain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Optimisation Th\u00e9rapeutique en Neuropsychopharmacologie, INSERM U1144, Universit\u00e9 de Paris, 75006 Paris, France"},{"name":"Universit\u00e9 de Paris, 75006 Paris, France"},{"name":"AP-HP.Nord, GH Saint-Louis-Lariboisi\u00e8re-F, Widal, DMU Neurosciences, D\u00e9partement de Psychiatrie et de M\u00e9decine Addictologique, 75010 Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2099","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.160.12.2099","article-title":"The McLean-Harvard First-Episode Mania Study: Prediction of recovery and first recurrence","volume":"160","author":"Tohen","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am. 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