{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,31]],"date-time":"2026-10-31T03:40:32Z","timestamp":1793418032550,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,18]],"date-time":"2022-04-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1650240000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Many cases of vertebral osteomyelitis (VO) and infective endocarditis (IE) co-infection have been reported, and it has been recognized that attention should be paid to the possibility of both diseases co-existing during diagnosis and treatment. However, the incidence, clinical status, and outcomes of IE in patients with VO remain unclear. For this study, the eligibility criteria for patient recruitment included all cases of VO at the five medical university hospitals. Patients with a history of spinal surgery were excluded from this study. Echocardiography was routinely performed for all patients with VO. IE was diagnosed according to the modified Duke criteria for definite endocarditis. We analyzed demographic data, underlying conditions, clinical features, laboratory data, echocardiography, radiologic images, treatments, and outcomes. VO was diagnosed in 59 patients and IE was diagnosed in seven patients (12%). There were no significant differences in the clinical features, microorganisms, or radiographic status between the VO-IE co-infection and VO-only groups. In this study, using routine echocardiography for VO, the IE prevalence was 12%. The lack of specific clinical features and laboratory findings may hamper the diagnosis of IE. Therefore, clinicians are always required to suspect IE in patients with VO.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11082266","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,18]],"date-time":"2022-04-18T22:04:02Z","timestamp":1650319442000},"page":"2266","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Vertebral Osteomyelitis and Infective Endocarditis Co-Infection"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3359-9684","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tadatsugu","family":"Morimoto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, 5-1-1 Nabeshima, Saga 849-8501, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hirohito","family":"Hirata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, 5-1-1 Nabeshima, Saga 849-8501, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8409-9623","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Koji","family":"Otani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6337-0891","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eiichiro","family":"Nakamura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi-ku Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 807-8566, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5175-3350","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Naohisa","family":"Miyakoshi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, Akita University, 1-1 Tegata Gakuen Town, Akita 010-8543, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoshinori","family":"Terashima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, S1W17, Chuo-ku, Sapporo 060-8543, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1112-5656","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kanichiro","family":"Wada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, Hirosaki University, 5 Zaifu-cho, Hirosaki 036-8563, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2319-5440","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Takaomi","family":"Kobayashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, 5-1-1 Nabeshima, Saga 849-8501, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masatoshi","family":"Murayama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, 5-1-1 Nabeshima, Saga 849-8501, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0688-0451","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Masatsugu","family":"Tsukamoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, 5-1-1 Nabeshima, Saga 849-8501, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masaaki","family":"Mawatari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, 5-1-1 Nabeshima, Saga 849-8501, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e002412","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2012-002412","article-title":"Incidence and risk factors for mortality of vertebral osteomyelitis: A retrospective analysis using the Japanese diagnosis procedure combination database","volume":"3","author":"Akiyama","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E2","DOI":"10.3171\/2018.10.FOCUS18445","article-title":"Infective endocarditis in patients with pyogenic spondylodiscitis: Implications for diagnosis and therapy","volume":"46","author":"Behmanesh","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neurosurg. 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