{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T18:48:59Z","timestamp":1788979739529,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,23]],"date-time":"2022-04-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1650672000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The aim of this study was to determine whether primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) is associated with changes in fixation stability parameters assessed by microperimetry (MP) and whether the severity of glaucoma is related to a deterioration in these indicators. This study analyzed fixation stability using MP macular analyzer integrity assessment (MAIA) in patients with mild and moderate\/severe POAG and healthy controls. The resulting fixation indices were correlated with parameters used to assess retinal function with MP and standard automated perimetry (SAP) and retinal structure with optical coherence tomography (OCT) and OCT angiography (OCTA). We enrolled 54 eyes in the POAG groups (32 eyes with mild POAG and 22 eyes with moderate\/severe POAG) and 24 eyes in the healthy group. It was shown that fixation stability in POAG eyes deteriorated with increasing disease severity, and significant differences in bivariate contour ellipse area (BCEA) including 95% of fixation points were observed among groups (p = 0.042). Quantitative analysis of structural and functional retinal parameters also showed significant deterioration with the progression of glaucoma (p &lt; 0.001). Correlations among fixation parameters and abnormalities in the retinal structure and function were confirmed. We concluded that POAG is associated with disturbances in the fixation pattern, which worsen as the disease progresses and can be effectively assessed by performing a MP test.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11092368","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,23]],"date-time":"2022-04-23T08:14:06Z","timestamp":1650701646000},"page":"2368","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Alterations in Fixation Indices in Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma by Microperimetry"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Katarzyna","family":"Zabel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sensory Organ Studies, Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 85-830 Bydgoszcz, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Przemyslaw","family":"Zabel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sensory Organ Studies, Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 85-830 Bydgoszcz, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karolina","family":"Suwala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sensory Organ Studies, Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 85-830 Bydgoszcz, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aleksandra","family":"Gorczyca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sensory Organ Studies, Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 85-830 Bydgoszcz, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Damian","family":"Jaworski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Department of Ophthalmology, Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 85-168 Bydgoszcz, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martyna","family":"Kaluzna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Department of Ophthalmology, Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 85-168 Bydgoszcz, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martyna","family":"Gebska-Toloczko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sensory Organ Studies, Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 85-830 Bydgoszcz, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kacper","family":"Wnuk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics and Biomedical Systems Theory, Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 85-067 Bydgoszcz, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0388-3446","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katarzyna","family":"Buszko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics and Biomedical Systems Theory, Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 85-067 Bydgoszcz, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jakub J.","family":"Kaluzny","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sensory Organ Studies, Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 85-830 Bydgoszcz, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1367","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(10)61423-7","article-title":"Glaucoma","volume":"377","author":"Quigley","year":"2011","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"1993","article-title":"Detecting Early Glaucoma by Assessment of Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Thickness and Visual Function","volume":"42","author":"Bowd","year":"2001","journal-title":"Investig. 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