{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,2]],"date-time":"2025-11-02T01:56:22Z","timestamp":1762048582749,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,25]],"date-time":"2022-04-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1650844800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Heart failure (HF) is a progressive cardiac disorder associated with high mortality and morbidity. Previous studies have shown that sleep apnea (SA) is associated with a poor prognosis in HF patients. When HF coexists with SA, both central and obstructive respiratory events often occur. However, few studies have investigated the association between the frequency of central respiratory events coexisting with obstructive events and clinical outcomes in patients with HF and SA. This was a retrospective observational study. Patients with stable HF, defined as a left ventricular ejection fraction of \u226450%, New York Heart Association class \u2265 II, and SA (apnea\u2013hypopnea index of \u226515\/h on overnight polysomnography) were enrolled. The primary endpoint was a composite of all-cause death and hospitalization for HF. Overall, 144 patients were enrolled. During a period of 23.4 \u00b1 16 months, 45.8% of patients experienced the outcome. The cumulative event-free survival rates were higher in the central SA-predominant group. Multivariate analyses showed that a greater percentage of central respiratory events was associated with an increased risk of clinical outcomes. In patients with HF and SA, the frequency of central respiratory events was an independent factor for all-cause death and hospitalization for HF.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11092403","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,25]],"date-time":"2022-04-25T21:16:28Z","timestamp":1650921388000},"page":"2403","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Association between Frequency of Central Respiratory Events and Clinical Outcomes in Heart Failure Patients with Sleep Apnea"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Ryo","family":"Naito","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Biology and Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan"},{"name":"Cardiovascular Respiratory Sleep Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5747-7668","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Takatoshi","family":"Kasai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Biology and Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan"},{"name":"Cardiovascular Respiratory Sleep Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan"},{"name":"Sleep Center, Toranomon Hospital, Tokyo 105-8470, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Koji","family":"Narui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sleep Center, Toranomon Hospital, Tokyo 105-8470, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shin-Ichi","family":"Momomura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Saitama Citizens Medical Center, Saitama 331-0054, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.15420\/cfr.2016:25:2","article-title":"Global public health burden of heart failure","volume":"3","author":"Savarese","year":"2017","journal-title":"Card. 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Med."}],"container-title":["Journal of Clinical Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2077-0383\/11\/9\/2403\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T23:00:44Z","timestamp":1760137244000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2077-0383\/11\/9\/2403"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,25]]},"references-count":21,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5]]}},"alternative-id":["jcm11092403"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm11092403","relation":{},"ISSN":["2077-0383"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2077-0383"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,25]]}}}