{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]],"date-time":"2026-06-10T04:55:34Z","timestamp":1781067334673,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,2]],"date-time":"2022-05-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1651449600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Korea National Institute of Health (KNIH)","award":["2020-ER6305-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020-ER6305-01"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The percentage of patients undergoing cardiac rehabilitation programs (CRP) is very low (30\u201340%), and hospitals providing CRP are either insufficient or lacking, even in countries with advanced medical care; therefore, this study aims to investigate the barriers, as well as compare the differences between hospitals, with or without CRP. We conducted a survey, in which the questionnaire was distributed through post or email to 607 specialists who work at 164 hospitals performing percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI). The results were as follows: (1) of the 164 hospitals, 132 responded (response rate: 80.5%). While all 47 hospitals with CRP responded (100%), from among the 117 hospitals without CRP, 85 responded (72.7%). (2) Of the 607 specialists, 227 responded (response rate: 36.9%). The response rates according to specialties were as follows: cardiologists (28.9%), cardiac surgeons (24.5%), and physiatrists (64.1%). (3) While the specialists at hospitals with CRP identified patient referral, transportation, and cost as the major barriers, for those at hospitals without CRP, all items were considered barriers, especially the items related to equipment, space, workforce, and budget as being more serious barriers. Therefore, in order to actively promote CRP, it is suggested that governments consider the customized support system according to the performance of CRPs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11092560","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,3]],"date-time":"2022-05-03T08:26:35Z","timestamp":1651566395000},"page":"2560","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["A Comparison of Barrier Factors between Hospitals with and without Cardiac Rehabilitation Programs in Korea: A Nation-Wide Survey Research"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Chul","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Inje University Sanggye Paik Hospital, Seoul 01757, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jidong","family":"Sung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1672-8875","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jae-Young","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hospital, Gwangju 61469, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sungju","family":"Jee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon 35015, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2634-0375","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jang Woo","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, National Health Insurance Service Ilsan Hospital, Goyang 10444, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2489-358X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jong Hwa","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Dong A University College of Medicine, Busan 49201, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1199-5707","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Won-Seok","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam 13620, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5280-122X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Heui Je","family":"Bang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju 28644, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sora","family":"Baek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon 24289, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3747-9831","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kyung-Lim","family":"Joa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Inha University Hospital, Incheon 22332, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3765-3024","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ae Ryoung","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, School of Medicine Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"So Young","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Jeju National University School of Medicine, Jeju 63241, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2758-124X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jihee","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Wonkwang University School of Medicine, Iksan 54538, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0528-6189","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chung Reen","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Ulsan University College of Medicine, Ulsan 44033, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7475-4612","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Oh Pum","family":"Kwon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam 13620, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1859","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)32335-3","article-title":"Global, regional, and national disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) for 359 diseases and injuries and healthy life expectancy (HALE) for 195 countries and territories, 1990\u20132017: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017","volume":"392","author":"Kyu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"(2020, January 01). Korean Statistical Infarmation Service. Causes of Death Statistics [Internet] Daejeon: National Statistical Offic, Available online: https:\/\/kosis.kr\/eng\/statisticsList."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1715","DOI":"10.1177\/2047487316657669","article-title":"A review of guidelines for cardiac rehabilitation exercise programmes: Is there an international consensus?","volume":"23","author":"Price","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur. J. Prev. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2019.06.006","article-title":"Cardiac Rehabilitation Availability and Density around the Globe","volume":"13","author":"Supervia","year":"2019","journal-title":"EClinicalMedicine"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"510","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hlc.2014.11.013","article-title":"Narrative review comparing the benefits of and participation in cardiac rehabilitation in high-, middle- and low-income countries","volume":"24","author":"Grace","year":"2015","journal-title":"Heart Lung Circ."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"777","DOI":"10.1080\/14779072.2020.1816464","article-title":"Current challenges in cardiac rehabilitation: Strategies to overcome social factors and attendance barriers","volume":"18","author":"Chindhy","year":"2020","journal-title":"Expert Rev. Cardiovasc. Ther."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.5535\/arm.2019.43.3.355","article-title":"Clinical Practice Guideline for Cardiac Rehabilitation in Korea","volume":"43","author":"Kim","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ann. Rehabil. Med."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2016.10.014","article-title":"Increasing Cardiac Rehabilitation Participation From 20% to 70%: A Road Map From the Million Hearts Cardiac Rehabilitation Collaborative","volume":"92","author":"Ades","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mayo Clin. Proc."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e262","DOI":"10.3346\/jkms.2020.35.e262","article-title":"Underutilization of Hospital-based Cardiac Rehabilitation after Acute Myocardial Infarction in Korea","volume":"35","author":"Kim","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Korean Med. Sci."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.23736\/S1973-9087.20.06081-5","article-title":"Cardiac rehabilitation and 5-year mortality after acute myocardial infarction. Report from 11 tertiary hospitals in Korea (ETHIK Study)","volume":"56","author":"Kim","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur. J. Phys. Rehabil. Med."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kim, C., Sung, J., Han, J.Y., Jee, S., Lee, J.W., Lee, J.H., Kim, W.S., Bang, H.J., Baek, S., and Joa, K.L. (2021). Current Status of Cardiac Rehabilitation in the Regional Cardiocerebrovascular Centers in Korea. J. Clin. Med., 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm10215079"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Park, M.S., Lee, S., Ahn, T., Kim, D., Jung, M.H., Choi, J.H., Han, S., Ryu, K.H., and Kim, E.J. (2021). Current status of cardiac rehabilitation among representative hospitals treating acute myocardial infarction in South Korea. PLoS ONE, 16.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0261072"}],"container-title":["Journal of Clinical Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2077-0383\/11\/9\/2560\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T23:05:28Z","timestamp":1760137528000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2077-0383\/11\/9\/2560"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,2]]},"references-count":12,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5]]}},"alternative-id":["jcm11092560"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm11092560","relation":{},"ISSN":["2077-0383"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2077-0383","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,2]]}}}