{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,2]],"date-time":"2025-11-02T02:46:33Z","timestamp":1762051593350,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,8]],"date-time":"2022-05-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1651968000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This case report describes a modified approach for a thoracic paravertebral block by performing a bilateral ultrasound-assisted injection of 12 mL of 0.5% levobupivacaine near the thoracic intervertebral foramen, combined with general anesthesia, in a patient who underwent emergent laparotomy for small intestinal volvulus. Two continuous catheter sets were used for a bilateral continuous block with levobupivacaine 0.25% at a rate of 5\u20138 mL\/h. No complications during the execution of the block were recorded. No supplemental opioids were administered and the patient was hemodynamically stable, requiring no pharmacological cardiovascular support during surgery. At the end of the surgical procedure, the patient received a continuous flow of 0.2% levobupivacaine as postoperative analgesia, at a basal flow of 4 mL\/h per each side, a bolus of 4 mL, and a lockout time of 60 min was used. The postoperative pain on the Numeric Rating Scale was 2 at rest and it was 4 in motion, without neurological or respiratory sequelae due to block in the first 72 h after surgery.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11092646","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,8]],"date-time":"2022-05-08T08:04:21Z","timestamp":1651997061000},"page":"2646","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["A Modified Approach for Ultrasound-Guided Thoracic Paravertebral Block via Thoracic Intervertebral Foramen in an Adolescent Patient: A Case Report"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Emiliano","family":"Petrucci","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Unit, San Salvatore Academic Hospital of L\u2019Aquila, Via Vetoio 48, 67100 L\u2019Aquila, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Franco","family":"Marinangeli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Treatment, University of L\u2019Aquila, Piazzale Salvatore Tommasi 1, Coppito, 67100 L\u2019Aquila, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Barbara","family":"Pizzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Unit, SS Filippo and Nicola Academic Hospital of Avezzano, Avezzano, 67051 L\u2019Aquila, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3205-8501","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesco","family":"Sciorio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Treatment, University of L\u2019Aquila, Piazzale Salvatore Tommasi 1, Coppito, 67100 L\u2019Aquila, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6474-1631","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gioele","family":"Marrocco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Treatment, University of L\u2019Aquila, Piazzale Salvatore Tommasi 1, Coppito, 67100 L\u2019Aquila, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Massimo Antonio","family":"Innamorato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, Pain Unit, Santa Maria delle Croci Hospital, AUSL Romagna, Viale Vincenzo Randi 5, 48121 Ravenna, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5236-3132","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marco","family":"Cascella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, Istituto Nazionale Tumori\u2014IRCCS, Fondazione Pascale, Via Mariano Semmola 53, 80131 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2377-3765","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alessandro","family":"Vittori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, ARCO ROMA, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Ges\u00f9 IRCCS, Piazza S. Onofrio 4, 00165 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"711","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aet213","article-title":"Regional anaesthesia to prevent chronic pain after surgery: A cochrane systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"111","author":"Andreae","year":"2013","journal-title":"Br. J. Anaesth."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"711","DOI":"10.2147\/JPR.S178910","article-title":"Multimodal approaches and tailored therapies for pain management: The trolley analgesic model","volume":"12","author":"Cuomo","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Pain Res."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"512","DOI":"10.1097\/ACO.0000000000000878","article-title":"Opioid free anesthesia: Feasible?","volume":"33","author":"Chia","year":"2020","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. 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