{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,2]],"date-time":"2025-11-02T02:21:04Z","timestamp":1762050064810,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,9]],"date-time":"2022-05-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1652054400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Duodenal gastric metaplasia (DGM) is considered a precancerous lesion. No data are available regarding its possible role as a risk factor for duodenal neuroendocrine neoplasms (dNENs). Aims: To assess the prevalence of DGM in a cohort of dNENs. Methods: Subgroup analysis of a retrospective study including dNEN patients who underwent surgical resection between 2000 and 2019 and were observed at eight Italian tertiary referral centers. Results: 109 dNEN patients were evaluated. Signs of DGM associated with the presence of dNEN were reported in 14 patients (12.8%). Among these patients, nine (64.4%) had a dNEN of the superior part of the duodenum, one (7.1%) a periampullary lesion, three (21.4%) a dNEN located in the second portion of the duodenum, with a different localization distribution compared to patients without DGM (p = 0.0332). Ten were G1, three G2, and in one patient the Ki67 was not available. In the group with DGM, six patients (35.7%) were classified at stage I, five (28.6%) at stage II, three (21.4%) at stage III, and no one at stage IV. In the group without DGM, 20 patients (31%) were at stage I, 15 (15%) at stage II, 42 (44%) at stage III, and 19 (20%) at stage IV (p = 0.0236). At the end of the study, three patients died because of disease progression. Conclusions: our findings might suggest that DGM could represent a feature associated with the occurrence of dNEN, especially for forms of the superior part of the duodenum, which should be kept in mind in the endoscopic follow up of patients with DGM. Interestingly, dNEN inside DGM showed a more favorable staging, with no patients in stage IV. The actual relationship and the clinical relevance of this possible association require further clarification.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11092658","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,10]],"date-time":"2022-05-10T00:30:28Z","timestamp":1652142628000},"page":"2658","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Duodenal Gastric Metaplasia and Duodenal Neuroendocrine Neoplasms: More Than a Simple Coincidence?"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3214-8192","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sara","family":"Massironi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology, San Gerardo Hospital, University of Milano-Bicocca School of Medicine, 20900 Monza, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4208-4372","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roberta Elisa","family":"Rossi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"HBP Surgery, Hepatology and Liver Transplantation Unit, ENETS Center of Excellence, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori (INT, National Cancer Institute), 20133 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3042-4360","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna Caterina","family":"Milanetto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pancreatic and Endocrine Digestive Surgical Unit, Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Padova, 35122 Padua, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3793-2982","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Valentina","family":"Andreasi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pancreatic Surgery Unit, ENETS Center of Excellence, San Raffaele IRCCS, \u201cVita-Salute\u201d University, 20132 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4615-7340","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Davide","family":"Campana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ENETS Center of Excellence, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, Bologna University, St. Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, 40138 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gennaro","family":"Nappo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ENETS Center of Excellence, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, 20090 Pieve Emanuele, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stefano","family":"Partelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pancreatic Surgery Unit, ENETS Center of Excellence, San Raffaele IRCCS, \u201cVita-Salute\u201d University, 20132 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Camilla","family":"Gallo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology, San Gerardo Hospital, University of Milano-Bicocca School of Medicine, 20900 Monza, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Miki","family":"Scaravaglio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology, San Gerardo Hospital, University of Milano-Bicocca School of Medicine, 20900 Monza, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alessandro","family":"Zerbi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ENETS Center of Excellence, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, 20090 Pieve Emanuele, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2789-4289","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesco","family":"Panzuto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Digestive Disease Unit, ENETS Center of Excellence, Sant\u2019Andrea University Hospital, 00189 Rome, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Translational Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00189 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0365-5286","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Claudio","family":"Pasquali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pancreatic and Endocrine Digestive Surgical Unit, Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Padova, 35122 Padua, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9654-7243","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Massimo","family":"Falconi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pancreatic Surgery Unit, ENETS Center of Excellence, San Raffaele IRCCS, \u201cVita-Salute\u201d University, 20132 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3262-1998","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pietro","family":"Invernizzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology, San Gerardo Hospital, University of Milano-Bicocca School of Medicine, 20900 Monza, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"name":"on behalf of ItaNet (Italian Association for Neuroendocrine Tumours) Study Group","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"466","DOI":"10.1016\/j.surg.2015.03.042","article-title":"Increasing Incidence of Duodenal Neuroendocrine Tumors: Incidental Discovery of Indolent Disease?","volume":"158","author":"Fitzgerald","year":"2015","journal-title":"Surgery"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3063","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2007.15.4377","article-title":"One Hundred Years after \u201cCarcinoid\u201d: Epidemiology of and Prognostic Factors for Neuroendocrine Tumors in 35,825 Cases in the United States","volume":"26","author":"Yao","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. 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Cancer"}],"container-title":["Journal of Clinical Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2077-0383\/11\/9\/2658\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T23:08:08Z","timestamp":1760137688000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2077-0383\/11\/9\/2658"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,9]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5]]}},"alternative-id":["jcm11092658"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm11092658","relation":{},"ISSN":["2077-0383"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2077-0383"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,9]]}}}