{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T11:10:45Z","timestamp":1789038645091,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,12]],"date-time":"2022-05-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1652313600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Alterations in intrauterine fetal growth increase the risk of adverse perinatal and neonatal outcomes. In this retrospective study, we analyzed data of 906 pregnancies collected in our maternal fetal medicine center, with different patterns of growth: 655 AGA (Appropriate for Gestational Age), 62 SGA (Small for Gestational Age: fetuses born with a weight less than 10\u00b0 centile, not diagnosed before delivery), 189 FGR (Fetal Growth Restriction, classified in early and late according to gestational week at diagnosis). For each group, we compared maternal characteristics, gestational age at delivery, and perinatal and neonatal outcomes. Risk factors for fetal growth alterations were advanced age, being primiparous, and a lower pregestational BMI. FGR fetuses were born at earlier gestational ages (32 [IQR 29\u201338] early-FGR and 38 [IQR 36\u201339] late-FGR), with blood gas values comparable to the AGA group but worse neonatal outcomes related to prematurity. Unexpected SGA fetuses born by vaginal delivery, managed as AGA, were more hyperlactacidemic (4.4 [IQR 2.7\u20135.5]) and hypoxemic (\u22125.0 [IQR \u22127.1\u20132.8]) at birth than both AGA and FGR. However, neonatal outcomes (accesses and days of hospitalization in NICU) were better than FGR, likely due to gestational age and birthweight similar to AGA.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11102729","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,12]],"date-time":"2022-05-12T05:10:32Z","timestamp":1652332232000},"page":"2729","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Perinatal and Neonatal Outcomes in Fetal Growth Restriction and Small for Gestational Age"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8639-5095","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chiara","family":"Lubrano","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Woman Mother and Neonate \u2018V. Buzzi\u2019 Children Hospital, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, 20154 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emanuela","family":"Taricco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Woman Mother and Neonate \u2018V. Buzzi\u2019 Children Hospital, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, 20154 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chiara","family":"Coco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Woman Mother and Neonate \u2018V. Buzzi\u2019 Children Hospital, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, 20154 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fiorenza","family":"Di Domenico","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Woman Mother and Neonate \u2018V. Buzzi\u2019 Children Hospital, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, 20154 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3458-3075","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chiara","family":"Mand\u00f2","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Milan, 20157 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9217-3034","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Irene","family":"Cetin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Woman Mother and Neonate \u2018V. Buzzi\u2019 Children Hospital, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, 20154 Milan, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Milan, 20157 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Cetin, I., and Sparks, J.W. (2005). Determinants of intrauterine growth. Neonatal Nutrition and Metabolism, Cambridge University Press."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1031","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2004.00273.x","article-title":"Fetal responses to placental insufficiency: An update","volume":"111","author":"Baschat","year":"2004","journal-title":"BJOG"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1097\/MCO.0b013e32835e8d9c","article-title":"Maternal predictors of intrauterine growth restriction","volume":"16","author":"Cetin","year":"2013","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Clin. Nutr. Metab. 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