{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T04:05:08Z","timestamp":1789704308461,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,27]],"date-time":"2022-05-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1653609600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: The revascularization of carotid arteries minimizes the risk of future cerebral stroke and usually improves cognitive functions. The aim of this study was to assess changes in cognitive function and verify the hypothesis assuming an improvement of selected cognitive functions\u2014psychomotor speed, visuospatial episodic memory, executive function and verbal fluency\u2014in patients after carotid artery stenting during a 12-month follow-up. Methods: 47 persons subject to CAS, including 13 symptomatic persons, were examined before and 12 months after a procedure with a psychological test battery (digit symbol test\u2014DS, Rey\u2013Osterrieth complex figure test\u2014ROCF, Wisconsin Card Sorting Test\u2014WCST, letter verbal fluency\u2014LVF). Sociodemographic data and clinical parameters were acquired from an author questionnaire. Results: The one-year follow-up, after the performed CAS procedure, demonstrated a significant improvement of psychomotor speed, visuospatial episodic memory, and executive function. No changes in the area of verbal fluency or decline in any of cognitive functions under analysis were observed. Conclusions: Carotid artery stenting improves cognitive functioning, both in the area of basic and more complex cognitive functions in persons with carotid atherosclerosis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11113019","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,27]],"date-time":"2022-05-27T07:05:07Z","timestamp":1653635107000},"page":"3019","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Cognitive Functions after Carotid Artery Stenting\u20141-Year Follow-Up Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8009-7118","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Magdalena","family":"Piegza","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 42-612 Tarnowskie Gory, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5090-2385","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Izabela","family":"Jaworska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiac, Vascular and Endovascular Surgery and Transplantology, Silesian Center for Heart Diseases, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland"},{"name":"Palliative Medicine Department, St. Camillus Hospital, 42-600 Tarnowskie Gory, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7356-4769","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jacek","family":"Piegza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Third Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Silesian Center for Heart Diseases, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1951-1981","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kamil","family":"Bujak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Third Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Silesian Center for Heart Diseases, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5904-6407","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pawe\u0142","family":"D\u0119bski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 42-612 Tarnowskie Gory, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aleksandra","family":"Leksowska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 42-612 Tarnowskie Gory, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Piotr","family":"Gorczyca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 42-612 Tarnowskie Gory, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mariusz","family":"G\u0105sior","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Third Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Silesian Center for Heart Diseases, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5748-0063","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Robert","family":"Pudlo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 42-612 Tarnowskie Gory, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"985","DOI":"10.1177\/1747493018790088","article-title":"Carotid revascularization and medical management for asymptomatic carotid stenosis\u2014Hemodynamics (CREST-H): Study design and rationale","volume":"13","author":"Marshall","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. 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