{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T20:39:45Z","timestamp":1790627985127,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,31]],"date-time":"2022-05-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1653955200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Norwegian Association of the Blind and Partially Sighted"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>We aimed to determine whether retinal vessel diameters and retinal oxygen saturation in newly diagnosed patients with multiple sclerosis (pwMS) are different from those of a healthy population. Retinal blood vessel diameters were measured using imaging with a spectrophotometric non-invasive retinal oximeter. Twenty-three newly diagnosed untreated relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS) patients (mean age: 32.2 \u00b1 7.5 years, age range = 18\u201350 years, 56.5% female) were measured and compared to 23 age- and sex-matched healthy controls (HCs) (mean age: 34.8 \u00b1 8.1 years). Patients with Optic Neuritis were excluded. Retinal venular diameter (143.8 \u00b5m versus 157.8 \u00b5m: mean; p = 0.0013) and retinal arteriolar diameter (112.6 \u00b5m versus 120.6 \u00b5m: mean; p = 0.0089) were smaller in pwMS when compared with HCs, respectively. There was no significant difference in the oxygen saturation in retinal venules and arterioles in pwMS (mean: 60.0% and 93.7%; p = 0.5980) compared to HCs (mean: 59.3% and 91.5%; p = 0.8934), respectively. There was a significant difference in the median low contrast visual acuity (2.5% contrast) between the pwMS and the HC groups (p = 0.0143) Retinal arteriolar and venular diameter may have potential as objective biomarkers for MS.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11113109","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,31]],"date-time":"2022-05-31T05:25:42Z","timestamp":1653974742000},"page":"3109","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Exploring Retinal Blood Vessel Diameters as Biomarkers in Multiple Sclerosis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Dragana","family":"Drobnjak Nes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Eye Research, Department of Ophthalmology, Oslo University Hospital, 0450 Oslo, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P\u00e5l","family":"Berg-Hansen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, 0372 Oslo, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sigrid A.","family":"de Rodez Benavent","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Eye Research, Department of Ophthalmology, Oslo University Hospital, 0450 Oslo, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8446-2111","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Einar A.","family":"H\u00f8gest\u00f8l","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, 0372 Oslo, Norway"},{"name":"Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, 0373 Oslo, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mona K.","family":"Beyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, 0372 Oslo, Norway"},{"name":"Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, 0379 Oslo, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel A.","family":"Rinker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, 0372 Oslo, Norway"},{"name":"Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, 0372 Oslo, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6743-5282","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nina","family":"Veiby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Eye Research, Department of Ophthalmology, Oslo University Hospital, 0450 Oslo, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mia","family":"Karabeg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Eye Research, Department of Ophthalmology, Oslo University Hospital, 0450 Oslo, Norway"},{"name":"Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, 0372 Oslo, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Be\u00e1ta \u00c9va","family":"Petrovski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, 0372 Oslo, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9127-6488","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elisabeth G.","family":"Celius","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, 0372 Oslo, Norway"},{"name":"Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, 0372 Oslo, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hanne F.","family":"Harbo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, 0372 Oslo, Norway"},{"name":"Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, 0372 Oslo, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2905-9252","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Goran","family":"Petrovski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Eye Research, Department of Ophthalmology, Oslo University Hospital, 0450 Oslo, Norway"},{"name":"Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, 0372 Oslo, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1816","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458520970841","article-title":"Rising prevalence of multiple sclerosis worldwide: Insights from the Atlas of MS, third edition","volume":"26","author":"Walton","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mult. 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