{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]],"date-time":"2026-07-07T22:54:16Z","timestamp":1783464856628,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,1]],"date-time":"2022-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1654041600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Aims: The present study aims to evaluate magnetic-resonance-imaging (MRI)-assessed left atrial strain (LAS) and left atrial strain rate (LASR) as potential parameters for the diagnosis of cardiac amyloidosis (CA), the distinction of clinical subtypes and differentiation from other cardiomyopathies. Methods and results: LAS and LASR were assessed by MRI feature tracking in patients with biopsy-proven CA. LAS and LASR of patients with CA were compared to healthy subjects and patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. LAS and LASR were also analyzed concerning differences between patients with transthyretin (ATTR) and light chain amyloidosis (AL). A total of 44 patients with biopsy-proven CA, 19 patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and 24 healthy subjects were included. In 22 CA patients (50%), histological examination identified ATTR as CA subtype and AL in the remaining patients. No significant difference was observed for reservoir, conduit or booster LAS in patients with AL or ATTR. Reservoir LAS, conduit LAS and booster LAS were significantly reduced in patients with CA and HCM as compared to healthy subjects (p &lt; 0.001). Reservoir LAS and booster LAS were significantly reduced in CA as compared to HCM patients (p &lt; 0.001). A linear correlation was observed between LA global reservoir strain and LA-EF (p &lt; 0.001, r = 0.5), conduit strain and global longitudinal LV strain (p &lt; 0.001, r = 0.5), global booster strain rate and LA-EF (p &lt; 0.001, r = 0.6) and between global booster strain rate and LA area at LVED (p &lt; 0.0001, 0.5). Conclusions: LAS and LASR are severely impaired in patients with CA. The MRI-based assessment of LAS and LASR might allow non-invasive diagnosis and categorization of CA and its distinct differentiation from other hypertrophic phenotypes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11113150","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,1]],"date-time":"2022-06-01T12:48:31Z","timestamp":1654087711000},"page":"3150","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Magnetic-Resonance-Imaging-Based Left Atrial Strain and Left Atrial Strain Rate as Diagnostic Parameters in Cardiac Amyloidosis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6303-2040","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vanessa","family":"Sciacca","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic for Electrophysiology, Herz-und Diabeteszentrum NRW, Ruhr-Universit\u00e4t Bochum, 32545 Bad Oeynhausen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jan","family":"Eckstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Herz-und Diabeteszentrum NRW, Ruhr-Universit\u00e4t Bochum, 32545 Bad Oeynhausen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5425-8440","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hermann","family":"K\u00f6rperich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Herz-und Diabeteszentrum NRW, Ruhr-Universit\u00e4t Bochum, 32545 Bad Oeynhausen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Fink","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic for Electrophysiology, Herz-und Diabeteszentrum NRW, Ruhr-Universit\u00e4t Bochum, 32545 Bad Oeynhausen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leonard","family":"Bergau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic for Electrophysiology, Herz-und Diabeteszentrum NRW, Ruhr-Universit\u00e4t Bochum, 32545 Bad Oeynhausen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mustapha","family":"El Hamriti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic for Electrophysiology, Herz-und Diabeteszentrum NRW, Ruhr-Universit\u00e4t Bochum, 32545 Bad Oeynhausen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guram","family":"Imnadze","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic for Electrophysiology, Herz-und Diabeteszentrum NRW, Ruhr-Universit\u00e4t Bochum, 32545 Bad Oeynhausen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Denise","family":"Guckel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic for Electrophysiology, Herz-und Diabeteszentrum NRW, Ruhr-Universit\u00e4t Bochum, 32545 Bad Oeynhausen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2187-8715","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Henrik","family":"Fox","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic for Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Herz-und Diabeteszentrum NRW, Ruhr-Universit\u00e4t Bochum, 32545 Bad Oeynhausen, Germany"},{"name":"Heart Failure Department, Herz-und Diabeteszentrum NRW, Ruhr-Universit\u00e4t Bochum, 32545 Bad Oeynhausen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1822-936X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Muhammed","family":"Ger\u00e7ek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic for General and Interventional Cardiology\/Angiology, Herz-und Diabeteszentrum, 32545 Bad Oeynhausen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Farr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic for General and Interventional Cardiology\/Angiology, Herz-und Diabeteszentrum, 32545 Bad Oeynhausen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wolfgang","family":"Burchert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Herz-und Diabeteszentrum NRW, Ruhr-Universit\u00e4t Bochum, 32545 Bad Oeynhausen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3037-8704","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Philipp","family":"Sommer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic for Electrophysiology, Herz-und Diabeteszentrum NRW, Ruhr-Universit\u00e4t Bochum, 32545 Bad Oeynhausen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0490-5862","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christian","family":"Sohns","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic for Electrophysiology, Herz-und Diabeteszentrum NRW, Ruhr-Universit\u00e4t Bochum, 32545 Bad Oeynhausen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0539-0610","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Misagh","family":"Piran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Herz-und Diabeteszentrum NRW, Ruhr-Universit\u00e4t Bochum, 32545 Bad Oeynhausen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2345","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmg.2019.06.023","article-title":"Myocardial Amyloidosis: The Exemplar Interstitial Disease","volume":"12","author":"Fontana","year":"2019","journal-title":"JACC Cardiovasc. Imag."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.1038\/nrm3810","article-title":"The amyloid state and its association with protein misfolding diseases","volume":"15","author":"Knowles","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1286","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.111.078915","article-title":"Transthyretin (TTR) cardiac amyloidosis","volume":"126","author":"Ruberg","year":"2012","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1203","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.108.843334","article-title":"Systemic cardiac amyloidoses: Disease profiles and clinical courses of the 3 main types","volume":"120","author":"Rapezzi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E1241","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(13)61241-3","article-title":"Senile systemic amyloidosis is a markedly underdiagnosed cardiomyopathy: Experience of a cardiac amyloidosis program","volume":"61","author":"Falk","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e006075","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCHEARTFAILURE.119.006075","article-title":"Consensus Recommendations for the Suspicion and Diagnosis of Transthyretin Cardiac Amyloidosis","volume":"12","author":"Maurer","year":"2019","journal-title":"Circ. Heart Fail."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1007\/s12471-019-1299-1","article-title":"Cardiac amyloidosis: The need for early diagnosis.Cardiac amyloidosis: The need for early diagnosis","volume":"27","author":"Oerlemans","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neth. Heart J."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1840","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.113.006242","article-title":"Left ventricular structure and function in transthyretin-related versus light-chain cardiac amyloidosis","volume":"129","author":"Quarta","year":"2014","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"466","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2017.05.053","article-title":"Magnetic Resonance in Transthyretin Cardiac Amyloidosis","volume":"70","author":"Treibel","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.1001\/jamacardio.2021.6059","article-title":"High-Throughput Precision Phenotyping of Left Ventricular Hypertrophy With Cardiovascular Deep Learning","volume":"7","author":"Duffy","year":"2022","journal-title":"JAMA Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2019.11.013","article-title":"Atrial Failure as a Clinical Entity: JACC Review Topic of the Week","volume":"75","author":"Bisbal","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"804","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjci\/jey181","article-title":"Prognostic value of left atrial strain in predicting cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in the general population","volume":"20","author":"Modin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur. Heart J. Cardiovasc. Imaging."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"iii62","DOI":"10.1093\/europace\/eun237","article-title":"Approaching regional left atrial function by tissue Doppler velocity and strain imaging","volume":"10","author":"Zhang","year":"2008","journal-title":"Europace"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"622","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2015.05.021","article-title":"Characterization of Cardiac Amyloidosis by Atrial Late Gadolinium Enhancement Using Contrast-Enhanced Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Correlation With Left Atrial Conduit and Contractile Function","volume":"116","author":"Kwong","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am. J. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"961","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjci\/jew100","article-title":"Prognostic value of left atrial function in systemic light-chain amyloidosis: A cardiac magnetic resonance study","volume":"17","author":"Mohty","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur. Heart J. Cardiovasc. Imaging."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmg.2021.06.022","article-title":"Clinical Importance of Left Atrial Infiltration in Cardiac Transthyretin Amyloidosis","volume":"15","author":"Bandera","year":"2022","journal-title":"JACC Cardiovasc. Imag."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1007\/s10554-020-01948-9","article-title":"Left atrial strain imaging differentiates cardiac amyloidosis and hypertensive heart disease","volume":"37","author":"Rausch","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Cardiovasc. Imag."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1067","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2012.04.043","article-title":"Longitudinal left ventricular function for prediction of survival in systemic light-chain amyloidosis: Incremental value compared with clinical and biochemical markers","volume":"60","author":"Buss","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1016\/j.acvd.2011.10.004","article-title":"Left atrial size is an independent predictor of overall survival in patients with primary systemic amyloidosis","volume":"104","author":"Mohty","year":"2011","journal-title":"Arch. Cardiovasc. Dis."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"662","DOI":"10.1136\/heartjnl-2011-301528","article-title":"Diagnostic approach and differential diagnosis in patients with hypertrophied left ventricles","volume":"100","author":"Yilmaz","year":"2014","journal-title":"Heart"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1186\/s12968-021-00775-8","article-title":"Multi-parametric assessment of left ventricular hypertrophy using late gadolinium enhancement, T1 mapping and strain-encoded cardiovascular magnetic resonance","volume":"23","author":"Giusca","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Cardiovasc. Magn. Reson."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1007\/s00392-010-0128-8","article-title":"Visualization of transcoronary ablation of septal hypertrophy in patients with hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy: A comparison between cardiac MRI, invasive measurements and echocardiography","volume":"99","author":"Sohns","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin. Res. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.1007\/s10554-013-0357-9","article-title":"Detection of intracardiac masses in patients with coronary artery disease using cardiac magnetic resonance imaging: A comparison with transthoracic echocardiography","volume":"30","author":"Staab","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Cardiovasc. Imag."}],"container-title":["Journal of Clinical Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2077-0383\/11\/11\/3150\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T23:23:19Z","timestamp":1760138599000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2077-0383\/11\/11\/3150"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,1]]},"references-count":23,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6]]}},"alternative-id":["jcm11113150"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm11113150","relation":{},"ISSN":["2077-0383"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2077-0383","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,1]]}}}