{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T17:35:30Z","timestamp":1790703330312,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,7]],"date-time":"2022-06-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1654560000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Italian Ministry of Economic Development","award":["CUP C16I20000080006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CUP C16I20000080006"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The non-invasive estimation of right atrial pressure (RAP) would be a key advancement in several clinical scenarios, in which the knowledge of central venous filling pressure is vital for patients\u2019 management. The echocardiographic estimation of RAP proposed by Guidelines, based on inferior vena cava (IVC) size and respirophasic collapsibility, is exposed to operator and patient dependent variability. We propose novel methods, based on semi-automated edge-tracking of IVC size and cardiac collapsibility (cardiac caval index\u2014CCI), tested in a monocentric retrospective cohort of patients undergoing echocardiography and right heart catheterization (RHC) within 24 h in condition of clinical and therapeutic stability (170 patients, age 64 \u00b1 14, male 45%, with pulmonary arterial hypertension, heart failure, valvular heart disease, dyspnea, or other pathologies). IVC size and CCI were integrated with other standard echocardiographic features, selected by backward feature selection and included in a linear model (LM) and a support vector machine (SVM), which were cross-validated. Three RAP classes (low &lt; 5 mmHg, intermediate 5\u201310 mmHg and high &gt; 10 mmHg) were generated and RHC values used as comparator. LM and SVM showed a higher accuracy than Guidelines (63%, 71%, and 61% for LM, SVM, and Guidelines, respectively), promoting the integration of IVC and echocardiographic features for an improved non-invasive estimation of RAP.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11123257","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,10]],"date-time":"2022-06-10T02:25:33Z","timestamp":1654827933000},"page":"3257","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Non-Invasive Estimation of Right Atrial Pressure Using a Semi-Automated Echocardiographic Tool for Inferior Vena Cava Edge-Tracking"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8239-2348","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luca","family":"Mesin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Mathematical Biology and Physiology, Department Electronics and Telecommunications, Politecnico di Torino, 10129 Torino, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Piero","family":"Policastro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mathematical Biology and Physiology, Department Electronics and Telecommunications, Politecnico di Torino, 10129 Torino, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1407-6087","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stefano","family":"Albani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SC Cardiologia Ospedale Regionale U. Parini, 11100 Aosta, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christina","family":"Petersen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fondazione Toscana G. Monasterio, 56124 Pisa, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8803-4533","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paolo","family":"Sciarrone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fondazione Toscana G. Monasterio, 56124 Pisa, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claudia","family":"Taddei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fondazione Toscana G. Monasterio, 56124 Pisa, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9314-2005","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alberto","family":"Giannoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fondazione Toscana G. Monasterio, 56124 Pisa, Italy"},{"name":"Scuola Superiore Sant\u2019Anna, 56127 Pisa, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.1016\/j.echo.2010.05.010","article-title":"Guidelines for the Echocardiographic Assessment of the Right Heart in Adults: A Report from the American Society of Echocardiography: Endorsed by the European Association of Echocardiography, a Registered Branch of the European Society of Cardiology, and the Canadian Society of Echocardiography","volume":"23","author":"Rudski","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Am. Soc. 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